Exam #1 Review Topics.

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Exam #1 Review Topics

The Renaissance Causes of the Renaissance Plague, Great Schism, Babylonian Captivity, Urbanization, Italian wealth, city-state competition Humanism and Leading Humanists Celebration of the individual, Greek and Roman texts, secular spirit Petrarch, Pico, Machiavelli, Renaissance Art Techniques/characteristics, key artists (Michelangelo, Raphael, Da Vinci etc.) Renaissance Places and Ideas Florence and the Medici, banking, The Northern Renaissance Causes, Key figures (Erasmus, T. More), Northern Ren. Artists The Printing Press

The Reformation Root Causes Luther and Lutheranism Northern Ren., printing, previous reform efforts (Hus, Wyclif) Luther and Lutheranism Events (95 Theses, Worms, Augsburg Confession, Peasant Uprising) Main Ideas (Faith and faith alone, bible =#1, priesthood of all believers) The Augsburg Peace of 1555 John Calvin and Calvinism His move to Geneva and creation of a theocracy Key Ideas (the “elect” and predestination, limits on “ungodly” activity) Spread to France and the Huguenots, Spread to Scotland (John Knox) Henry VIII and Anglicanism Causes, The Act of Supremacy in 1534, and impact on the Catholic church Mary Tudor and Elizabeth I, the back and forth nature of the Ref in England The “Elizabethan Settlement” Other Movements (Annabaptists)

The Catholic Response The Council of Trent The Jesuits Challenges, accomplishments Reforming church abuses, reaffirming the doctrine of the Church The Pope still #1 Use of the Inquisition The Jesuits Catholic education, missionary work in Europe and globally They were the vanguard of the Counter-reformation in the HRE and the Netherlands Baroque Art (Not on this exam) Catholic Church and other Catholic leaders used new art and architectural forms to glorify the church (or themselves) to show the power and prestige of the religion (themselves)

Wars of Religion Wars of Religion in France The 30 Years War The Concordat of Bologna (1516) gave French kings power to appoint bishops in France (the Galician Church) Causes of the conflict, Catholics vs. Huguenots; Calvinism appeals to well-to-do French St. Bart’s Massacre (1572), War of 3 Henrys, Edict of Nantes (1598) Henry IV The 30 Years War Causes (short term, long term) and the Defenestration of Prague The 4 Phases of the War (Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French) Main figures: Adolphus, Wallenstein, Richelieu, the Emperor Impact on the HRE and Europe Outcome: The Peace of Westphalia (1648)