Skeletal Muscle: Names, Location, and Function

Muscle Action and Function Review With your arm show me elbow extension With your arm show me shoulder abduction What does the prefix “ab” mean? What is another word that starts with this prefix? With your arm show me elbow flexion With your arm show me shoulder adduction What does the prefix “ad” mean? What is another word that starts with this prefix? What are the four functions of the muscular system?

Objectives Content Objective: The students will be able to arrange the fourteen skeletal muscles on the diagram of a human body using information from muscle descriptions located around the room. Language Objective: The students will be able to select the important information from muscle description stations by arranging the key information in a table on a worksheet.

Tendons and Ligaments

Tendons and ligaments Ligaments Tendons A fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone Serves to hold structures together and keep them stable – particularly at the joint Slightly elastic so they can be stretched and gradually lengthen, increasing flexibility Double jointed refers to people who have highly elastic ligaments A fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Tough yet flexible Tendons purpose is to move the bone

What ligaments have you heard of?

What Tendons Have you heard of?

Origin vs. Insertion Muscle attachment to a moveable bone. Does not change its shape when the muscle moves Has the greatest motion when the muscle contracts Typically lower on the bone Immovable point of attachment of a muscle to a bone. Does not change its shape when the muscle moves A muscle contracts toward it Typically higher on the bone

Antagonist Muscles What does the word antagonist mean? What does it mean to antagonize your little brother or sister? Definition: Works against, in opposition to. Antagonist Muscles – A muscle that works in opposition to another muscle. Muscle Examples: Biceps and Triceps Quadriceps and Hamstrings Gastrocnemius and Anterior Tibialis

Muscle Name, Location, and Function Stations You can complete this activity with a partner or you may work on it alone. NO MORE THAN TWO PEOPLE WORKING TOGETHER! Whether you choose to work with a partner or not you will each complete your own worksheet. There are 14 muscles pictured and described on papers around the room. Read the paper and identify on your worksheet 1. The name of the muscle 2. The location of the muscle 3. The function of the muscle

Completed Muscle Worksheet 1 This worksheet is worth 28 points. 14 points for having the correct information on the front 14 points for having all muscles drawn and labeled. This includes having pairs of muscles drawn! The discussion questions are worth 10 points. (later date)

Muscles Skeleton – In Notes Packet Deltoid Location: Shoulder/Upper Most Arm Function: Lifts the whole arm Origin: Clavicle and Scapula Insertion: Humerus

Trapezius 13. Trapezius Location: Base of neck, down the spine, across the back of the shoulder Function: Raises the shoulder Origin: Occipital bone (cranium) and cervical/thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Clavicle/Scapula

Biceps 2. Biceps Location: Front of upper arm Function: Bends elbows, lifts lower arm Origin: Scapula Insertion: Radius and Ulna

Triceps 3. Triceps Location: Back of the upper arm Function: Straightens the elbow Origin: Humerus and Scapula Insertion: Ulna

Pectoralis Major 4.) Pectoralis Major Location: Chest Muscle Function: Moves the shoulder and arm towards the chest Pushes Origin: Sternum and Second through Sixth Rib Insertion: Clavicle and the Humerus

Latissimus Dorsi 12. Latissimus Dorsi Location: Down spine, across the back armpit Function: Pulls arm toward back Origin: Thoracic/Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Pelvis, and four most inferior ribs Insertion: Back of Humerus

Gluteus Maximus 5. Gluteus Maximus Location: Buttocks Function: Straightens the leg at the hip Origin: Pelvis, Sacrum and Coccyx Insertion: Femur

Abdominals 6. Abodominals Location: Stomach area Function: Flexes the trunk (sit- up) Origin: Thoracic Diaphragm Insertion: Pelvis and between the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum

Hamstrings 7. Hamstrings Location: Back of thigh Function: Bends the knee and strengthens leg at hip Origin: Underneath the gluteus maximus and the pelvic bone Insertion: Tibia

Quadriceps 8. Quadriceps Location: Front of thigh Function: Straightens the knee, raises the leg at the hip Origin: Femur/pelvis Insertion: Patella

Sartorius Sartorius Location: Outer thigh at hip, across the thigh to the inside of the lower leg at the top of the knee Function: Rotates the thigh Origin: Pelvis Insertion: Inside of the tibia **Longest muscle

Gastrocnemius 9. Gastrocnemius Location: Calf muscle, Back of lower leg Function: Raises you up on your toes Origin: Femur Insertion: Achilles tendon to the heel

Anterior Tibialis 10. Anterior Tibilias Location: Front of the lower leg Function: Pulls foot up towards lower leg Origin: Tibia Insertion: Foot

Sternocleidomastoid (pain in my neck) Location: Neck Function: Turns the head side to side Origin: Inside part of the clavicle Insertion: Temporal bone (cranium)

anterior view

posterior view

Muscle Name, Location, and Function Stations Cont.: (assignment 2) You will want a partner with you on this one. Obtain ipad or internet connection with other electronic device. Go to www.amshoffonline.weebly.com hover classes, applied sp med, click anatomy, click assignment 2. before printing a final version or getting a printed version from desk, be sure you have correct answers supplied.

Discussion Questions…(assignment 3) Discuss the following questions with your partner or think about them on your own… 1. How is the function (movement) of the muscle effected by the joint (Discuss the movement available at the joints? Example: The biceps and triceps can only bend and extend the arm because they contract and relax to move the ulna located at a hinge joint which only allows for two movements. 2. Come up with 2 every day activities that you do that use the muscles you learned about in this lesson. Identify what muscle(s) are being used for each activity. Carry groceries into the house requires the use of the deltoid muscles. 3. In your opinion, of the every day movements you came up with, which muscle is functionally the most important in order to carry out daily activities. Use information from what you read about the muscles to support your answer. 4. . Come up with an exercise you can do to strengthen that muscle (think of our warm-up in Physical Education) When you finish your assignments 1 & 2, you will be answering these questions on a lined piece of paper and submitting as a group