Batteries as a Service

The EV challenge: a great divide !  Moderate battery  Slow demand-response residential charging Tax neutral Profitable Competitive TCO  Very large battery  Very fast synchronous charging Convenient Versatile Low life cycle Impact Low Grid impact

EVs: how much battery is required? Battery utility: 0-20 kWh : 87 % of all daily usage +20 kWh: +9% +20 kWh: +1,5% +20kWh: +0,5% If 20 kWh has a « cost » (or impact) of 1unit per day of usage: +20kWh costs 11+1=12 / day +20kWh costs 12 + 67= 79 /day +20 kWh costs 79+200 = 279 /day … The long term limit to battery size isn’t technology, it’s the marginal utility. Potential for widespread electrification of personal vehicle travel in the United States, Zachary A. Needell, James McNerney, Michael T. Chang and Jessika E. Trancik, MIT ,Nature Energy 15 August 2016 3

Traveling with peace of mind ! EP Tender’s Vision Traveling with peace of mind !

A lesson from life… X Peak range Daily range

Peak range Daily range Solution EV optimized for daily usage: Tender for occasional long distance: High density energy module Power from Battery, ReX, Fuel Cell… On demand rental EV optimized for daily usage: 15-60 kWh battery depending on segment Larger trunk Slow charge with demand-response at home or the office Peak range Daily range

https://youtu.be/wMV76WV5aws How ? https://youtu.be/wMV76WV5aws

Benefits The battery is sized to satisfy 98% of usage Price parity with ICE Lowest carbon footprint over life cycle Profitable Sustainable Additional range on a pay per use basis Traveling with peace of mind Tender is booked ahead of the trip Tender is swapped when depleted (60kWh in 1’ is 3,6MW charging) Travel time remains under control

Energy distribution benefits Petrol pumps 600km range in 5’ Stretch legs Get food and sundries services Little risk of queues Fast chargers 250 km range in 60’ Stretch legs, read books, and watch videos… Material risk of queues Severe grid impact & high carbon mix Major investment EP Tender 300km range in 1’ Grid services and charger support Renewable energy

Retaining the best of battery swapping Batt. Swap. Range extending as a service (pay per use) Optimised life cycle carbon footprint Optimised vehicle cost Battery swapping time Variable range without payload impact Cost of the rental/swapping station Impact on the vehicle’s design Adressable EV models Multienergy ability Share of fixed costs vs variable costs Maintenance costs of rental points Progressive ramp-up ability Capital intensity

The environmental impact Model used in this Life Cycle Analysis, EU electricity mix and 5% of the kilometers driven with a Tender Climate change: EV + EP Tender has a lower impact than EV with big battery. EP Tender enables demand-response charging. Based on N Hooftman, M Messagie “In-life range modularity for electric vehicles: the environmental impact of a range-extender trailer system” : http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/7/1016 Super fast spot charging Residential demand-response charging M. Messagie, F.-S. Boureima, T. Coosemans, C. Macharis, and J. Mierlo, “A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels,” Energies, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1467–1482, Mar. 2014.

Impact on cities Paris Less pollution in big cities: Matches with ULEZ Easy deployment: Paris and London: 28 stations serve 15 millions of inhabitants Londres

Batteries in the cloud, providing value at all times Inverter Grid 400V DC bus When rented: a range extender More range on demand Rescue service when « out of juice » Zero emission genset for events or works When stationary: a virtual powerplant Frequency regulation Buffer for fast chargers Available where demand is Storage for self consumption

EP Tender sweet spot Fuel tank: 2350 Wh/kg, 1USD/kWh, 2 MW charging

2030 Vision Vehicles are clean, connected, autonomous and lean. Their range is adequate for daily usage. During long distance trips, a self hitching energy module (a Tender) complements their internal energy storage. Tender-to-grid

The business model Range extending service for EVs Revenues - High client value - Margin protected by patents - Recurring business (“sticky” business) Distribution - Low client acquisition cost (via car dealers and fleets) Growth - Scalable business (wireless rental management) - Variable costs - Global market - Growth >20% for decades

Our fundamental beliefs The real issue is the marginal requirement of long distance trips vs the marginal cost of providing it. It’s no longer battery technology. The range problem will last over the long term We are technology agnostic! We will benefit from technology progress, and in particular battery progress… (+ fuel cell, dynamic inductive charging, etc.) Pay per use is a growing trend for expensive and seldom used features

2 6 Key facts and figures H2020 SME Phase 2 Targeting 6m€ turnover in 2021 Clients are impatient! Low burn rate 2 Intl. patents granted 2,5 M€ funding Strong fundamentals H2020 SME Phase 2 Team of 6 Field test 50 cars, 5 Tenders Global Growth

Team Hancheng Yang ESIGELEC Frederic Joint INSA Jean-Baptiste Segard EPFL Hugo Basset Polytechnique Fabrice Viot ESIGELEC Dingjie Ma ESIGELEC

Contact EP Tender Jean-Baptiste Segard jean-baptiste.segard@eptender.com Mobile: +336 09 36 09 26 Land line: +331 82 72 60 23 EP Tender Technoparc 22 rue Gustave Eiffel 78300 Poissy France www.eptender.com www.facebook.com/eptender