Chapter 14 Acids and Bases CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l) + CaSO4(aq) 14.7 Reactions of Acids and Bases Learning Goal Write balanced equations for reactions of acids with metals, carbonates, and bases. A marble statue in Washington Square Park that has been eroded by acid rain. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Acids react with metals such as K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, and Sn Acids with Metals Acids react with metals such as K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, and Sn to produce hydrogen gas and the metal salt © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Reactions: Acids and Metals Chemical equations 2K(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2KCl(aq) + H2(g) Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) Net ionic equations 2K(s) + 2H+(aq) 2K+(aq) + H2(g) Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + H2(g) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Acids React with Carbonates, Bicarbonates Acids react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas, a salt, and water. 2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CO2(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(s) CO2(g) + NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Acids React with Carbonates, Bicarbonates When sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) reacts with an acid (vinegar), the products are carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt. HC2H3O2(aq) + NaHCO3(s) CO2(g) + NaC2H3O2 (aq) + H2O(l) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Acids React with Hydroxides Neutralization is the reaction between a strong or weak acid and a strong base to produce salt and water. NaOH + HCl(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) The H+ of an acid and the OH− of the base combine to form water: Na+(aq) + OH−(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl−(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) + H2O(l) H+(aq) + OH−(aq) H2O(l) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Balancing Neutralization Reactions In a neutralization reaction one H+ always reacts with one OH− the equation may need coefficients to balance the H+ from the acid with the OH− from the base © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Guide to Balancing Neutralization Reactions © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check Write the balanced equation for the neutralization of magnesium hydroxide and nitric acid. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Step 1 Write the reactants and products. Solution Write the balanced equation for the neutralization of magnesium hydroxide and nitric acid. Step 1 Write the reactants and products. Mg(OH)2(aq) + HNO3(aq)  H2O(l) + salt Step 2 Balance the H+ in the acid with the OH− in the base. Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO3(aq)  H2O(l) + salt © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Step 3 Balance the H2O with the H+ and the OH−. Solution Write the balanced equation for the neutralization of magnesium hydroxide and nitric acid. Step 3 Balance the H2O with the H+ and the OH−. Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO3(aq)  2H2O(l) + salt Step 4 Write the salt from the remaining ions. Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO3(aq)  2H2O(l) + Mg(NO3)2(aq) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.