Putting Atoms Together

The OCTET RULE & IONS electrons valence 8 The octet rule is a simple chemical theory that states that atoms gain, lose, or share _____________ so that they have eight electrons in their outer_________ shells, similar to the noble gases. In simple terms, atoms are more stable when the outer shells of their atoms have _____ electrons. hydrogen & helium only need to fill the 1st energy level (2 electrons) to become stable. electrons valence 8

When an atom loses or gains electrons (in order to have 8 valence electrons), it becomes charged and is known as an ______. Atoms that gain electrons become _________ charged ions or _______. Atoms that lose electrons become _________ charged ions or ________. Ions have _____ outer shells and are ________. ion negatively anions positively cations full stable

ALKALI METALS   e) How many positive charges (protons) are there in Li+? ________ How many negative charges (electrons) are there in Li+? ________ What is the total charge on the stable Li+ ion? ________ f) How many positive charges (protons) are there in Na+? ________ How many negative charges (electrons) are there in Na+?________ What is the total charge on the stable Na+ ion? ________ g) What is the charge on ions of the ALKALI METALS? ________ 3+ 2- 1+ 11+ 10- 1+ 1+

ALKALI METALS  2. a) Describe the chemical reactivity of the ALKALI METALS. Very reactive b) Draw Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for Li, Na, and K. Li Na K 3 11 19

ALKALI METALS  c) Why are the ALKALI METALS reactive (why are they not stable)?   They do not have a full outer shell It is easier for the atoms of the alkali metals to ___________electrons in order to get a full outer energy level. How many electrons should the ALKALI METALS lose from their outer shell to be stable? _______ lose 1

HALOGENS d) How many positive charges (protons) are there in F-? ________ How many negative charges (electrons) are there in F-? ________ What is the total charge on the stable F- ion? ________ f) How many positive charges (protons) are there in Cl-? ________ How many negative charges (electrons) are there in Cl-? ________ What is the total charge on the stable Cl- ion? ________ What is the charge on ions of the HALOGENS? ________ 9+   10- 1- 17+ 18- 1- 1-

HALOGENS 3. a) Describe the chemical reactivity of the HALOGENS. Very reactive b) Draw Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for F and Cl. F Cl 9 17

HALOGENS  c) Why are the HALOGENS reactive (why are they not stable)?   They do not have a full outer shell d) It is easier for the atoms of the halogens to ___________electrons in order to get a full outer energy level. How many electrons should the HALOGENS gain for their outer shell to be stable? _______ gain 1

NOBLE GASES a) Describe the chemical reactivity of the NOBLE GASES. very stable / not reactive Draw Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for He, Ne, and Ar. He Ne Ar c) Why are the NOBLE GASES stable and unreactive? 2 10 18   They all have full outer shells