Single Displacement Reactions

Single Displacement Reactions Single-replacement reaction Mg + CuSO4  MgSO4 + Cu General form: A + BC  AC + B  + +

Types: Single displacement Example: Zn + CuCl2  Zn Cl Cu + Cl Zn Cu + General Formula: AB + C  AC + B

ONLY FOR SINGLE DISPL’M

What is an activity series? Element Reactivity Li Rb K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H2 Cu Hg Ag Pt Au Foiled again – Aluminum loses to Copper Halogen Reactivity F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 What is an activity series?

The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single displacement reactions when mixed: metals near the top are most reactive and will displacing metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these will react? Fe + CuSO4  Ni + NaCl  Li + ZnCO3  Al + CuCl2  K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au No, Ni is below Na Yes, Li is above Zn Yes, Al is above Cu Yes, Fe is above Cu Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 NR (no reaction) Zn + Li2CO3 Cu + AlCl3

a. Metal + Acid/Water: Examples: Any metal above hydrogen in the activity series will displace hydrogen gas from an acid or water (although sometimes heat must be applied to increase the reaction rate to the point where the reaction is noticeable) Examples: 1. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) 2. Cu(s) + HCl(aq)  no reaction 3. Cu(s) + H2O(l)  no reaction

A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H2O  steam H2 + Mg(OH)2 More Practice Q: will Mg react with H2O? K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au cold H2O hot H2O A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H2O  steam H2 + Mg(OH)2 acid Q: Zn + HCl  H2 + ZnCl2 Complete these reactions: Al + H2O(steam)  Cu + H2O  Ca + H2SO4  Na + H2O  H2 + Al(OH)3 NR H2 + CaSO4 H2 + NaOH

b. Metal + Metallic Compound(aq): A metal will displace from a compound (in solution) any other metal which is located below it in the activity series of metals. Examples: 1. Mg(s) + ZnI2(aq)  MgI2(aq) + Zn(s) 2.Ni(s) + ZnI2(aq)  no reaction

A variety of predictions can also be made based on the activity series of nonmetals: fluorine (F) most reactive never found form stable Chlorine (Cl) “free” in nature compounds bromine (Br) oxygen (O) iodine (I) found “free” form unstable sulphur (S) least reactive in nature compounds A nonmetallic element will displace from a compound (in solution) any nonmetal that is located below it in the activity series of nonmetals. Examples: 1. F2(g) + 2NaBr(aq)  2NaF(aq) + Br2(aq) 2. I2(s) + NaBr(aq)  no reaction

Formation of a solid AgCl AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq)  KNO3 (aq) + AgCl(s)