Trade impact of default Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) - the case of Kenya A presentation at the WTO Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) workshop; Geneva, Switzerland by Lucy Namu KEPHIS 25th October 2016

Background on horticultural sub-sector Kenya horticulture industry has been growing at an annual average rate of 15% from 2001 to 2013. The value of horticultural exports in 2015 was 900 million USD in value. Constitute about 30-% of Ag-GDP. The European Union is the largest consumer of Kenyan horticultural exports as it takes about 45% of the country’s exports In Jan 2013, Kenyan beans and peas in pods were listed for increased controls at 10% for pesticide residues; EU Regulation 669/2009

Emerging Challenges and opportunities in Africa: towards greater harmonization Presentation made during the Third Global Minor Use Summit, 1st – 4th October, 2017 Montreal Canada Lucy Namu Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS) Head – Quality Assurance and Laboratory Accreditation

Presentation outline: Emerging challenges in pest management – enhanced toolbox? Regional Harmonization initiatives Areas of future work

1. Emerging challenges in pest management – enhanced toolbox?

Plant protection needs / outbreaks Maize lethal necrosis disease Bactrocera- fruitflies

Migratory pests outbreaks Tuta absoluta

Emerging pests Papaya mealybug, a new species affecting pawpaw

Effects on minor crops

Representation of the number of border rejections on beans and peas with pods for 3 years exported from Kenya Methamidophos Chlopyriphos Methomyl Dimethoate Acephate Azaconazole Nicotine*, Omethoate Imidacloprid* Fenthion Trifloxystrobin+ Fenpropathrin Folpet Tetradifon Famoxadone Profenofos Diafenthiuron* Hexaconazole Diphenylamine Etoxazole Lufenurone Methomyl Chlorothalonil Fluopicolide Metalaxyl Carbofuran* Acetamprid Oxydemeton-methyl Mandipropamid Chloronthraniliprole Propamocarb Carbendazim Methoxyfenozide 75% of cases have MRLs set at LOD.

2. Regional harmonization initiatives and achievements

Harmonization within the EA Region BENEFITS: Reduce unnecessary divergences across national pesticide regulatory approaches and legislation, East Africa Community (EAC) Partner States consider greater harmonization. To cover: Reduce administrative burden for replication of trials and registration of pesticides Expedite reviews and registration timeframe Generation of data to support minor uses and increase international trade Facilitates mutual recognition and enhance work sharing Establish system for EAC MRLs Increased trade therefore need for MRLs for minor crops

Harmonization within the EA Region…/2 East Africa Secretariat (EAC-S) Council of Ministers Sectoral Council for Agriculture and Food Security Partner States - National Governments Expert Working Group (EWG) Regional Stakeholder Forum National Stakeholder Forum

Steps in the EAC Harmonisation process Develop draft guidance / procedures / protocols in working sessions Final draft approved 1. Approval of new work area for Expert Working Group (EWG) National and Regional workshops Incorporate comments, EWG prepares final document 2: Hold public review / stakeholder meetings on developed document SC approval Forwards for Consideration to CM 3: Sectoral Council concurrence Circulation for implementation 4: Endorsement by CM National ratification 5: Publication of final guidance / procedure / protocols Implementation Initiate review if necessary 6. Secretariat monitoring

Achievements in EAC harmonization Participation in African regional Codex data generation project (KE, UG, TZ + SN, GH) Part Global Codex Data generation project Supported by STDF, USDA, IR-4 Completion of Draft EAC efficacy trial and advanced residue trial guidelines: Supported by USDA and FAO agreed on modalities for implementation of regionally harmonized supervised trials agreed on priority crops for implementation of harmonized procedures; Commenced work on pesticide registration data requirements

Future work within EAC Continue harmonization of pesticide registration data requirements Roll-out of harmonized procedures through a pilot program involving all EAC PS Support for safer candidate pesticides for identified pest / crop combinations Benefit in registration in all EAC PS Capacity building workshops on supervised field trials Explore strategies for m With FAO support, explore regional strategy to address Highly Hazardous Pesticides Commodity Challenge / Pest 1. Tomato Tuta absoluta 2. Mango Fruit fly 3. Maize Storage pests – Prostephanus truncatus 4. Capsicum False codling moth - Thaumatotibia leucotreta 5. French beans Thrips – Frankliniella occidentalis 6. Coffee Antestia bugs (Antestiopsis)

Harmonization within the Southern Africa Region Objectives of SAPREF: Promote regional information exchange, and collaboration on pesticide and pest management and regulation. To promote regional collaboration and harmonization To strengthen regulatory capacity and promote better pesticide management policy and systems within Southern African countries through SAPReF members; To assist Member States in developing and implementing national Highly Hazard Pesticide risk reduction plans and strategies; To provide some technical training to support implementation of the Rotterdam Convention; The Southern African Development Community (SADC) Southern African Pesticide Regulators Forum (SAPReF) was established in 2011 (Cape Town, South Africa) 15 Member States, Subcommittee of Plant Protection Technical Committee of the SADC Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Need for improved regional collaboration on pesticide risk management and risk reduction in SADC Member States Forum aims to promote regional information exchange, and collaboration on pesticide and pest management as well as regulation.

Achievements of SADC (SAPREF) Driven by the regulators Portal established for information exchange; Development of Strategic Action plan identifying areas for collaboration would benefit the region, individual countries, pesticide traders, users and the general public. Presented at the SADC Food Safety Awareness Seminar and the ESA regulatory workshop in 2016. Establishment of WG to further develop a regional strategy for HHP risk reduction Established a working group to review the SADC Regional guidelines for the regulation of plant protection products;

Areas of future work 1. Support for Minor use programs within RECs Work sharing and mutual recognition programs Joint data generation programs Harmonized registration processes for minor crops New safer replacement pesticides Encourage programs for more Codex MRLs especially for minor crops *Capacity building activities 2. Ease of new registrations: Explore crop grouping, ease registration requirements through harmonized approaches Capacity building initiatives 3. Harmonization across RECs Explore future COMESA-EAC-SAC harmonization Tripartite

Thank you for your kind attention! For more information: Managing Director, KENYA PLANT HEALTH INSPECTORATE SERVICE (KEPHIS) P. O. Box 49592-00100 Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: +254-709-891000 E-mails: director@kephis.org, lnamu@kephis.org Website: www.kephis.org