LESSON 1 Lesson 1 - INTRO Welcome Course Information Certification F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G LESSON 1 Lesson 1 - INTRO Welcome Course Information Certification First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada

Course Information COURSE TIMELINE 5 Classes 4 Classes of Content 1 Block for Edublog (Practical) Written Exam COURSE FORMAT Discussion/Worksheet DVD scenarios Practical Activities

Participation (Daily /5) Skill (Edublog Assignment /10) GRADING GRADING Participation (Daily /5) Skill (Edublog Assignment /10) Knowledge (Exam /30) CERTIFICATION In order to receive certification, each student must upload their practical scenario to edublog (SKILL) and must score a minimum of 70% on the written test (KNOWLEDGE)

Roles and Responsibilities of the First Aider/ESM F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G Roles and Responsibilities of the First Aider/ESM First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada TITLE SLIDE Insert your information directly into the text boxes provided to customize your presentation Lesson 1 - CONTENT Terms Objectives of First Aid Legality & Safety Communication Emergency Scene Management (ESM)

FIRST AID Definition/Objectives First aid is emergency help given to an injured or suddenly ill person. The objective of providing first aid is always the same: Maintain your own safety Preserve life Prevent the injury or illness from becoming worse Promote recovery

TERMS TO KNOW First Aider: the person who takes charge of the emergency situation and provides first aid Medical Help: Care given by a health care professional, or under the supervision of a medical doctor Casualty: the injured or ill person “Life Over Limb”: If there is a risk that someone would lose their life (example: you suspect a spinal injury and want to keep the head and neck stable but the casualty begins to vomit/choke), you should always choose to preserve “life” over “limb”

MORE TERMS TO KNOW Consent: always identify yourself as a first aider and ask if you can help (if the answer is no, stand by and call for medical help) Assumed Consent: if a casualty is unconscious, you should still ask if you can help – no answer allows you to assume they want help. AED: Automated External Defibrillator (analyses heart rhythm & administers a shock if required) CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

SAFETY CONCERNS & PREVENTION The number one rule of first aid is GIVE FIRST AID SAFELY There are three types of universal precautions to be aware of: The energy source that caused or the hazards that are a result of the injury/accident (ex. a machine, live-wires, etc) The hazards of providing first aid (could you be injured in providing help? ex. is the person requiring help larger than you?) Preventing infection (use gauze pads, latex gloves, one way valves, wash hands)

Safety and Personal Protection Prevent Infection Hand washing Personal Protective Equipment Careful handling of sharp objects Maintain Immunizations Tetanus Hepatitis

Can a first aider be sued for giving first aid? FIRST AID & THE LAW It is a question that comes up every time: Can a first aider be sued for giving first aid? (this fear will often keep a person from providing help in an emergency situation) Although you do not have a legal obligation to help (unless you are a paid employee in charge of first aid), the government wants to encourage people to help others and so they recognize the Good Samaritan Principles.

Good Samaritan Principles If you are abiding by these principles, you will not be held accountable: Consent – as long as you identify yourself as a first aider and ask if you can help, you are a Good Samaritan Reasonable Skill and Care – as long as you act according to the level of knowledge and skill that you have, you are a Good Samaritan Negligence – as long as you use common sense and act in the casualty’s best interest, you are a Good Samaritan Abandonment – you should never abandon a casualty in your care. You must stay with them until medical help arrives, until another first aider takes over, or until they no longer want your help

SUMMARY: Good Samaritan Principles Identify yourself and get consent Use reasonable skill and care Don’t be negligent Don’t abandon the casualty

Communication The casualty Bystanders and family Other first aiders Other authorities (hydro, EMS) A CRITICAL SKILL TO: Establish and maintain control of the scene Assess the casualty’s condition Reassure the casualty and bystanders Deal with “a refusal of care”

Communication Principles Establish contact with casualty address by name speak slowly and calmly Tell the truth Use clear, concise terminology Be aware of body language Listen Be professional Be polite

ESM: EMERGENCY SCENE MANAGEMENT (Responsive) F I R S T A I D T R A I N I N G ESM: EMERGENCY SCENE MANAGEMENT (Responsive) First Aid Presentation – © St John Ambulance Canada TITLE SLIDE Insert your information directly into the text boxes provided to customize your presentation Scene Survey Primary Survey Secondary Survey/Ongoing Casualty Care

3 KEY STEPS OF ALL FIRST AID SCENARIOS Scene Survey (same for all) Primary Survey (differs based on scenario) Secondary Survey/Ongoing Casualty Care (until medical help arrives)

RESPONSIVE CASUALTY: Scene Survey Assess hazards Take charge of the situation Offer help & obtain consent (approach in line of vision!) Find out history of the scene… how & where injury occurred (mechanism) by: Looking for evidence Signs: Something you see, feel, smell or hear (e.g. pale skin, bleeding) Symptoms: Sensations the casualty feels and may describe to you (e.g. pain, nausea, dizziness) Asking questions (casualty & witnesses)

Scene Survey Continued Assess responsiveness Send someone for help (call 911 and let them know we have: info on casualty, injury, location…) Do not hang up until dispatcher tells you to. Support head & neck if injury is suspected (demo)

Primary Survey (ABCs) In a primary survey, you must check for the priorities of first aid: Airway - Different if responsive or unresponsive - For a responsive casualty, ask their name and if they can respond, their airway is clear Breathing - Effective? - Should be 10-20 breaths per minute (count # in 15 seconds) Circulation - Skin color, skin temperature, internal & external bleeding (RAPID BODY SURVEY) During primary survey, the casualty should stay in the position found (whenever possible and especially if spinal injuries are suspected)

Secondary Survey/Ongoing Casualty Care Secondary Survey: obtain medical history and information of the casualty Treat for shock (loosen clothing, cover with blanket, reassure casualty) Monitor (check ABCs again) Record events & report incident to medical experts. When medical help arrives, you should be prepared to report on: What happened The suspected injuries What first aid has been provided

VIDEO CLIP: ESM Responsive Casualty

PRACTICAL Get into groups of 3 and follow the procedures identified for a RESPONSIVE CASUALTY First Aider #1: You are at the mall, you see a crowd and commotion near the elevator. As you approach, you see an elderly woman who is lying on the ground. You ask the person who she is with what happened: She was feeling dizzy and was eased to the floor. She is semi-conscious. First Aider #2: You are walking down the stairs at school and your friend complains that they aren’t feeling well. Suddenly, they collapse and fall to the bottom of the stairs. The friend is still conscious, but you suspect that they may have a spinal injury. First Aider #3: You are at home with your older brother and he is up on a ladder, changing a light-bulb. He falls and is lying face up. He is able to speak clearly and is responsive.