Chapter 3 Review Power Point on Federalism

You might want to use your book to research extra-examples of the Federal Grants on the next slide.

Federal Grant: A federal grant is an award of financial assistance from a federal agency to a recipient to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by a law of the U.S. Categorical Grant Block Grant Done for specific purpose For a specific policy area, Ex: buses w/i mass transit; school lunch w/i but states decide how to education. spend $. Ex: Aid to families with dependent children; low income energy assistance. It is the Project Grant Formula Grant grant most favored by states. Based on merit Qualify based on a formula For specific reason such as population, poverty Ex: $ for school achievement, levels, etc. not on merit. but schools must prove Ex: $ based on population, per-capita income, qualified teachers are hired. or % of rural population.

Are legal actions that the government takes to create equal conditions for all people (groups). In the 14th Amendment, these rights are protected by the Equal Protection Clause. It forces states to govern impartially. Civil Rights

The entire set of interactions between national, state, and local governments – including regulations, transfer of funds, and the sharing of information – that constitute the workings of the federal system.

Intergovernmental Relations

A central government that holds supreme power within a nation.

Unitary Governments

Which kind of federal grant involves allocating money based on population?

Formula Grant

Which Supreme Court case established that the national government had the authority to regulate interstate commerce? Gibbons vs. Ogden 1824

The division of powers between the National and States governments.

Federalism

Powers not listed in the Constitution.

Implied Powers

Which clause from Article VI of the Constitution makes the national government preempt state and local laws?

Supremacy Clause

One of the causes of the Civil War was the Doctrine of Interposition, where the national government passes a law and state legislatures declare it null and void. This is an example of _____________. Sovereign Power

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments.

Fiscal Federalism

Powers listed in the Constitution.

Enumerated or Expressed Powers

What are the two powers given to the national government from the Constitution.

Enumerated and Implied Powers

Powers saved for the states.

Reserved Powers

Powers shared by the states and the National government.

Concurrent Powers

State and local governments derive their power from this.

The Constitution

Make sure you review the next slide with the Venn Diagram for Enumerated, Concurrent, and Reserved Powers.

In the 1980s and 1990s Republicans moved to return administrative authority for programs to the states. This was known as ___________.

Devolution (Revolution)

McCullough vs. Maryland - 1819 This case involves the Supremacy and Necessary and Proper Clauses. Primary issue is the Supremacy Clause. SC says Congress has the implied power (Necessary and Proper Clause or “Elastic Clause”) to create a national bank because of its power over financial matters as expressed in the Constitution.

The national and state governments were viewed as very distinct with little overlap. The form of Federalism for most of the history of the U.S.

Dual or “Layer Cake” Federalism

This form of Federalism began in the 1930’s and involves greater cooperation and collaboration between the levels of government, but with policy changes typically. AKA “Marble Cake Federalism.”

Cooperative or “Marble Cake Federalism”

The type of grant from the national to state governments has been favored in recent years and has few spending guidelines.

Block Grant

Which amendment states that powers not granted to the national government are reserved to the states, but also limits the power of states.

10th Amendment

Which clause of the Constitution creates an obligation of one state to recognize and give effect to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of her sister states.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Which type of federal grant is used provided for a specific purpose, such as mass transit w/in the transportation budget or school lunch w/in the educational budget.

Categorical Grant

Are protections for individuals against government actions Are protections for individuals against government actions. They are protected in the 14th Amendment by the Due Process Clause (called substantive due process). It involves the determination of whether or not the a law itself exceeds government authority. The 5th Amendment also includes a due process clause. However, it involves procedural due process in court and other legal matters. Civil Liberties

This requires states to treat non-state residents within their borders as they would treat their own residents.

Privileges and Immunities Clause

What is the term from the Constitution that requires states to return a person charged with a crime to the state in which the crime was committed.

Extradition

Grant Practice

1. A federal grant that would give states money for a new housing project, but that would require the states to make at least 50 percent of the housing available to low-income families would be considered a(n) ________.   a. categorical grant b. free grant c. unfunded grant d. block grant e. conditional grant

1. A federal grant that would give states money for a new housing project, but that would require the states to make at least 50 percent of the housing available to low-income families would be considered a(n) ________.   a. categorical grant b. free grant c. unfunded grant d. block grant e. conditional grant

2. Block grants were developed in 1966 in order to ________.   a. award federal grants on a competitive basis rather than by a common formula applied to every state equally b. provide states with financial incentives to follow congressional initiatives c. assert more federal influence over local educational priorities and achievement results d. punish Southern states for discriminating against blacks in their administration of federally-subsidized programs e. provide states with more flexibility to direct federal money toward specific local needs

2. Block grants were developed in 1966 in order to ________.   a. award federal grants on a competitive basis rather than by a common formula applied to every state equally b. provide states with financial incentives to follow congressional initiatives c. assert more federal influence over local educational priorities and achievement results d. punish Southern states for discriminating against blacks in their administration of federally-subsidized programs e. provide states with more flexibility to direct federal money toward specific local needs

3. ________ are awarded on the basis of competitive applications rather than by a specific formula.   a. Grants-in-Aid b. Project grants c. Block grants d. Formula grants e. Categorical grants

3. ________ are awarded on the basis of competitive applications rather than by a specific formula.   a. Grants-in-Aid b. Project grants c. Block grants d. Formula grants e. Categorical grants

4. Grants that can be used only for subsidizing school meals, and that are calculated on the basis of the state's population of school-aged children who are living in families with incomes below the poverty line, are examples of ________.   a. block grants b. project grants c. formula grants d. creative grants e. cooperative grants

4. Grants that can be used only for subsidizing school meals, and that are calculated on the basis of the state's population of school-aged children who are living in families with incomes below the poverty line, are examples of ________.   a. block grants b. project grants c. formula grants d. creative grants e. cooperative grants

5. An example of a shared power of national and state government as listed in the Constitution is ________.   a. the power to enter into treaties with foreign nations b. the power to establish rules for bankruptcy c. the power to regulate trade between the states d. the power to tax e. the power to establish copyright laws

5. An example of a shared power of national and state government as listed in the Constitution is ________.   a. the power to enter into treaties with foreign nations b. the power to establish rules for bankruptcy c. the power to regulate trade between the states d. the power to tax e. the power to establish copyright laws

6. You are a state governor, and are looking for a federal grant to help patch up numerous different aspects of education reform in your state. Which of the following grant types would you most likely seek out?   a. Block grant b. Project grant c. Grant-in-aid d. Fixed formula grant e. Categorical grant

6. You are a state governor, and are looking for a federal grant to help patch up numerous different aspects of education reform in your state. Which of the following grant types would you most likely seek out?   a. Block grant b. Project grant c. Grant-in-aid d. Fixed formula grant e. Categorical grant

7. ________ grants are targeted for specific purposes.   a. Block b. Categorical c. Grant-in-Aid d. Formula e. Project

7. ________ grants are targeted for specific purposes.   a. Block b. Categorical c. Grant-in-Aid d. Formula e. Project

8. When the federal government requires that your local school district measure student performance with regularly scheduled tests, but does not provide any federal funding to meet this requirement, this is an example of ________.   a. reinventing government b. regulatory capture c. executive privilege d. administrative review e. an unfunded mandate

8. When the federal government requires that your local school district measure student performance with regularly scheduled tests, but does not provide any federal funding to meet this requirement, this is an example of ________.   a. reinventing government b. regulatory capture c. executive privilege d. administrative review e. an unfunded mandate

9. You are a federal lawmaker trying to influence your home state to impose a ban on cell phone use while driving. Which of the following is likely the best way to do this?   a. Offer grant money to the states for highway construction, under the stipulation that they must impose the ban before they can use the money b. Push for a federal law requiring your home state to impose the ban c. Push for a federal law banning cell phone use while driving d. Push for a constitutional amendment banning cell phone use while driving e. Resign your post and run for state office in your home state

9. You are a federal lawmaker trying to influence your home state to impose a ban on cell phone use while driving. Which of the following is likely the best way to do this?   a. Offer grant money to the states for highway construction, under the stipulation that they must impose the ban before they can use the money b. Push for a federal law requiring your home state to impose the ban c. Push for a federal law banning cell phone use while driving d. Push for a constitutional amendment banning cell phone use while driving e. Resign your post and run for state office in your home state

Which of the following is an example of a project grant? 10. Which of the following is an example of a project grant? a. Title I funding for the education of poor children b. Medicare spending c. Highway funding that can be denied based on a state’s legal drinking age d. National Science Foundation grants obtained by university professors e. Military spending  

Which of the following is an example of a project grant? 10. Which of the following is an example of a project grant? a. Title I funding for the education of poor children b. Medicare spending c. Highway funding that can be denied based on a state’s legal drinking age d. National Science Foundation grants obtained by university professors e. Military spending