Increased Independence from Britain Social Studies 11: The Interwar Years

After World War I: Borden insists that Canada: _________________ at the Paris Peace Conference __________ the Treaty of Versailles Have its ___________ in the League of Nations Previous assumption would have been that Britain would have represented Canada’s interests in these situations as Britain still controlled Canada’s foreign policy and these were international matters. These actions send the message that Canada is interested in managing its own international affairs.

In The 1920s: Chanak Crisis (1922): Britain feared ____________ troops would try to take the British controlled port of Chanak Britain wanted Canada to send _________________ to help P.M. ________ said the Canadian parliament would decide 1st time Canada refused _____________________ for Britain After WWI, the Allies had forced Turkey to sign the Treaty of Sèvres (1920), which had very unfavourable terms. British and French troops were then stationed in the region. Chanak was a vital port along the important trade route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean; it would also give Turkey easy access to Europe should they decide to attack The Chanak Crisis was resolved by the time the Canadian parliament finished its debate

In The 1920s: Halibut Treaty (1923): Negotiated between Canada & ___________ to protect halibut on the Pacific Coast Never came into effect because ____________ didn’t approve it 1st time an international agreement had not been _________________ by a British official Signed by only a Canadian and American official Britain protested this move, but King threatened to establish its own ambassador in the USA and make Canada fully independent of Britain’s influence if Britain didn’t back down.

In The 1920s: King-Byng Crisis (1926): After the 1925 election, King’s Liberals stayed in power by forming a ______________ with the Progressives When they lost the support of the Progressives after a scandal, the Conservatives called for a motion of _________________________ King asked Governor General Byng to call an election; Byng ______________ Conservatives had won 116 seats (a minority government), but the coalition got control with Liberals 101 seats and Progressives 25 seats (126 total gave them a majority) The scandal involved liquor smuggling and the Canadian Customs Department A motion of censure would have forced King to resign Byng felt the motion of censure had to be dealt with first

In The 1920s: King-Byng Crisis (1926): ______________ was eventually forced to call an election King’s campaign declared it was _____________________ for an official appointed by Britain to go against the advice of an elected P.M. He won the election & no governor general has acted against the ________ of the P.M. since King’s campaign appealed to nationalists who felt that those who Canadians elected should have the most power in Canadian affairs

In The 1920s: Imperial Conference (1926): Britain’s dominions (Canada, Australia, New Zealand & South Africa) asked for _____________ A special committee, lead by Lord _____________, investigated the request The Balfour Report acknowledged the dominions as ________________ governments within the British Empire Images: All the prime ministers of the commonwealth who attended the conference and Lord Balfour, who wrote the important report that helped Canada gain independence Autonomy: freedom to govern themselves

In The 1930s: Statute of Westminster (1931): The recommendations of the Balfour Report officially became ________________ It declared that the dominions could _____________________ Canada became a sovereign state & part of the British ____________ of Nations Commonwealth: an association of free and equal states that were once part of the British Empire