Can we have thoughts without language? If so, what would that be like?

Phonemes Phonemes for other languages can be hard…Rolled R in Spanish. 44 sounds in English Language…any difficult? (/r/ & /l/) Chin (3) Habits (5) Thing (3) Thought (3)       Psychology (8) Three (3)    Hopes (4) Weigh (2) Please (4)         Sun (3) Wish (3) Enough (4) Nation (5) Quickly (6) Laughed (4)

English, as a written language, differs from the phonetic sounds English, as a written language, differs from the phonetic sounds. (must harder to read than to talk) apple/apply bath/bathe heal/health cats/dogs thin/then pat/bat pot/spot tar/star *Letters we don’t pronounce. *Letters that can have more than 1 sound.

Morphemes Smallest Semantic unit in a language Unladylike Un: Not lady: (Well behaved) female adult human like: Having the characterics of People (1) Redevelopment (3) Swimming (2) Desirability (3) Education (2) Unhappy (2) Remain (1) Misspell (2) Water (1) Higher (2) Finger (1) Houseboat (2) Antidisestablishmentarianism (7) Dogs Dog: Particular Animal s: plural; more than one

Text Twist Utilizing common Phonemes and Morphemes.

Grammar A set of rules that enables communication Syntax Rules for making words into sentences. Semantics Set of rules to derive meaning. Add “s” to make something plural Adding “ed” makes a verb past tense. Word “Coke” can mean different things depending on geography. They were hunting dogs. (2 possible meanings) Figures of speech (Raining Cats & Dogs) Misplaced Modifiers: Covered with hot melted cheese, we ate the pizza. “Baby Milk Drinks” has no meaning in English. Noun comes before the verb. Adjectives come before nouns. “I no like” not syntactically correct, but has meaning. When joining two sentences use (,but) (,and) "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously“ is syntactically correct, but carries no meaning.

Stages of Language Development Receptive Language: Ability to understand speech. (Comes first) Producing Language Babbling (3-4 Months) 1 Word Stage (1 Year) 2 Word Stage (2 Years) Practicing Phonemes No meaning Single, Meaningful words Combine Nouns & Verbs (Telegraphic Speech) Can say Phonemes for any Language! Starts out as Babble with Meaning Overregularization Misapplication of grammar rules “Deers” instead of “Deer” *Babies learn language through calculating statistics.

Theories of Acquisition Operant Conditioning (BF Skinner) Inborn Universal Grammar (Noam Chomsky) Children learn language through reinforcement, Association, & Imitation Should animals be able to learn language if this is true? Children have a predisposition or are born with an ability to learn a specific language   We have a Language Acquisition Device that allows our brain to become wired for language. All languages have the same grammatical building blocks (Nouns & Verbs), indicating a Universal Grammar that can only be explained through genes. Genie, feral children, & Nicaraguan deaf children, provide evidence. nurture nature

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis (Benjamin Whorf) Language can influence the way we think about the world. Entitlement System vs. Social Safety Net Illegal Immigrants Undocumented Immigrants vs. 25 Words w/ no translation 21 Emotions that we don’t have in English “We ‘feel free’ because we lack the very language to articulate our unfreedom" - Slavoj Zizek (Slovenian Philosopher)

(Usually Left Hemisphere) (Usually Left Hemisphere) The Brain Broca’s Area (Frontal Lobe) (Usually Left Hemisphere) Generates Speech Wernicke’s Area (Frontal Lobe) (Usually Left Hemisphere) Comprehending/Understanding Speech Angular Gyrus Turns written language that we read into an auditory code. Aphasia Refers to the inability to either produce speech (Damaged Broca’s Area) or the inability to understand language (Damaged Wernicke’s Area)

Language & Savings Behavior TED Talk