DUST AND FUMES Part 2 – Control and Protection NOTES: This symbol ▼ indicates you need to click the mouse before reading the next line or slide. 2. Statements in Italics are meant as a guide for you, a recommendation of what to do. 3. The word DISCUSSION indicates that the slide content is organized in a Question and Answer format. After you read each question, have students shout out the answers or call on students. Repeat answers as needed so everyone can hear them. 4. “----” indicates a short pause to give students time to answer the question 5. The words in bold appear on the slide. -----------end NOTES------------------ Today we are going to talk about equipment that minimizes dust generation, and work practices that reduce your exposure to dust and fumes. We will also talk about how to select a respirator and wear it correctly. ▼

Control Options Ventilation Special tools Work practices Personal Protective Equipment DISCUSSION: Why is it important to minimize dust in collision shops? ---- Reasons include: to reduce personal exposure, reduce cleaning time, minimize dust in paint booth, reduce paint job blemishes, minimize re-work time. To minimize the amount of dust and fumes you create and are exposed to, you can use: ▼ Ventilation ▼ Special tools ▼ Work practices, and ▼ Personal protective equipment. Let’s look at each of these options. ▼

Ventilation - Dust Portable Vacuum for Aluminum Dust Central Vacuum Removing sanding dust at the source can be done by connecting the sander to a vacuum system. ▼ Notice that the sander is attached to 2 hoses: ▼ the compressed air hose, and the vacuum system hose. A facility may have ▼ a central vacuum system, which is fixed, ▼ or portable vacuum equipment. Here you see the portable unit specific for collecting aluminum dust. It has a water-based immersion separation tank, as well as HEPA filters. Tell students what type of system is available in your shop and remind them of any rules regarding dust control. ▼ Portable Vacuum for Aluminum Dust (water-based immersion separation + HEPA filters) Central Vacuum

Ventilation – Fumes Fixed Portable – most common in collision shops Welding fumes are removed using fume extractors. Extractors can be: ▼ portable ▼ or fixed. Most common in collision shops are the portable extractors. Tell students what type of system is available in your shop and remind them of any rules regarding welding. Add information on maintenance of dust and fume control equipment.▼ Fixed Portable – most common in collision shops

Special Tools Self-generating vacuum OS HEPA filter bags Compressed air hose only When vacuum systems are not available, you can minimize dust using tools that have special features. For example, this orbital sander generates its own vacuum. The HEPA-rated bag directly attached to the sander collects the dust removing it from the air. Notice that this tool is connected only to the compressed air hose. Mention advantages and disadvantages of using this system. Cost, dust collection efficiency when working on edges and round surface, ease of use. ▼

Work Practices Keep your head out of the plume when welding Use wet sanding methods Vacuum instead of sweeping Do not use compressed air for cleaning objects or your clothes Good work practices will limit your exposure, even when dust or fume extractors are not available. ▼ When welding, keep your head out of the plume and always wear a welding helmet. ▼ Use wet sanding methods. Be sure you are using sandpaper made specifically for wet sanding. ▼ Vacuum instead of sweeping your area. This will reduce your exposure to dust AND prevent re-suspension, which may lead to better paint jobs. ▼ Do not use compressed air for cleaning objects or your clothes. Remind students about the compressed-air use rule in your shop. In addition to using equipment and work practices to minimize dust generation and reduce your exposure, you can also use personal protective equipment. ▼

Personal Protective Equipment Safety glasses Gloves - avoid latex Body suit – when working with fiberglass Welding gear (eye protection, gloves, apron) Respirators Safety glasses should be worn anytime you generate high-speed particles – such as those produced when grinding. ▼ To avoid drying of your hands, you can wear gloves. Be aware that prolonged use of latex gloves can induce allergies. Nitrile gloves are a better choice. ▼ When working with fiberglass, it’s better to cover all exposed skin – use a body suit. ▼ When you weld you must use special equipment. At a minimum, wear eye protection, gloves, and an apron. ▼ In Part 1 you’ve learned that the dust levels that technicians can be exposed to are much lower than the OSHA limit. Unless dust or fumes levels exceed an OSHA limit, a shop owner is not required by law to provide you a respirator and require you to wear it. However, the shop owner can require you to wear a respirator for specific tasks. In this case, he must provide you a respirator. Regardless of the dust levels, you may choose to wear a respirator. ▼

Respirators in collision shops OSHA requirements for business owners Written respiratory protection program Medical evaluation Respirator fit test Respirator training OSHA has specific requirements regarding respirators. A business must have a written respiratory protection program if they require employees to wear a respirator. Key elements of this program include: Medical evaluation Respirator fit testing And, respirator training. You will learn more about each of these when we talk about respirators in the Refinishing class. Now let’s cover the important points related to respirator selection, use, and care. We will discuss half-face tight-fitting respirators. ▼

Tight-fitting Respirators Cover your nose and mouth Create a complete seal with your face Incorporate at least one filtration element Secured in place by straps Tight-fitting respirators: ▼ Cover your nose and mouth ▼ Create a complete seal with your face ▼ Incorporate at least one filtration element with known efficiency of removing a contaminant, and ▼ Can be secured in place with straps in such a way that the seal formed with your face does not break while you work or when you speak. DISCUSSION: How are the two respirators shown here different? ---- The 2-strap dust mask is disposable. The other respirator has a facepiece that can be washed and reused numerous times, and the filters are replaced as needed. Explain or show – if you have different models available - that some respirators come with the filters permanently attached. In this case, the entire respirator must be replaced. This is costly and unnecessary. A respirator with replaceable filters is a better choice. ▼

2-Strap Dust Masks N, P, R 95, 99, 100 NIOSH exhalation valve 2-strap dust masks are a special type of respirators. Their entire surface is the filtration element. Each dust mask will have a code printed on it, or on the package or box. N95s are the most common dust masks used in collision shops. The code on the dust mask must include a letter: N, P or R, and a number: 95, 99 or 100. ▼ The letter indicates filter’s resistance to oil, and the number indicate the filter’s effectiveness. Dust masks are tested and certified by the National Institute of Safety and Health (NIOSH). You should always use a dust mask or respirator with the NIOSH logo on it. DISCUSSION: What is the difference between the two respirators shown here? ------ The one on the left has an exhalation valve. ▼ Wearing this respirator will be a bit more comfortable, as the warm and humid air you exhale leaves the mask through the valve. ▼ exhalation valve

2-Strap Dust Masks Cannot be cleaned Replace if: Disposable it’s hard to breathe gets wet 2-Strap dust masks are: ▼ Disposable ▼ Cannot be cleaned. Do NOT blow them with compressed air. This damages the filter, even if the damage is not visible with the naked eye. ▼ Replace the dust mask when it’s hard to breathe through it or if it gets wet. ▼ One-strap masks and surgical masks are NOT respirators! ▼ They were not designed to protect the user, but to protect the patient. Now let’s take a look on how to properly put on a 2-strap dust mask. ▼

Proper Use – Dust Masks 1.50 to 4.39 Let’s watch a short video that demonstrates how to put on a dust mask. ▼ ▼ 1.50 to 4.39 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tzpz5fko-fg

Respirators with Replaceable Filters Replace filters if: it’s hard to breathe get wet Do not clean filters with compressed air! Magenta = P100 In addition to dust masks, you can use a respirator with replaceable filters to protect yourself from dust and fumes. On each filter, you will find the same codes as on 2-strap dust masks. Most often used in the shop are the P100 filters, which are colored magenta, or have a magenta label, as shown here. ▼ Filters ▼ must be replaced when it’s hard to breathe through them, or if they get wet. ▼ Do not clean filters using compressed air. This damages the filter even though the damage may not be visible with the naked eye. ▼ Filters for dust and fumes do NOT protect you from paint vapors. Only activated charcoal can retain chemical vapors! You will learn more about charcoal filters in the Refinishing class. Now let’s take a look at how to properly put on a respirator. ▼ These filters do NOT protect you from chemical vapors!

Proper Use – Respirators Let’s watch a short video that demonstrates how to put on a reusable respirator. ▼ 5.07 to 7.15 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tzpz5fko-fg

Proper Wear Always be CLEAN-SHAVEN when wearing a tight-fitting respirator! A tight-fitting respirator is effective ONLY if it seals completely with the skin of your face. In Part 1 of this module you learned that the particles that penetrate into your lungs and can cause health problems are much smaller than the diameter of a hair. ▼ Always be clean-shaven when wearing a tight fitting respirator. DISCUSSION: Ask the class what does “clean-shaven” mean to them. We recommend that techs keep shaving kits at work, to shave as needed. DISCUSSION: How many of you wore a dust mask or a respirator and noticed their safety glasses fogging? What does that mean? --- A good seal was not achieved on the bridge of the nose and the upper cheeks. A properly fitting respirator does not allow any air to escape around the perimeter of the mask. If your glasses fog up when you put your respirator on, reposition or tighten the mask and conduct fit checks. ▼

Respirator Care Store away from contamination and heat Prevent changes in shape Do NOT clean filters with compressed air Between uses: ▼ Store your respirator away from contamination and heat. ▼ Prevent changes in the shape of the facepiece. Do NOT fold a 2-strap mask and put it on your pocket, unless it’s designed that way. Do NOT store any tools or objects on top of a respirator. ▼ and remember, do not clean filters with compressed air. ▼

Summary Minimize exposure to dust and fumes using ventilation or special tools Aluminum dust must be collected using a special extractor Wear safety glasses when generating high-speed particles 2-strap dust masks or respirator filters must have the words “NIOSH” and a code such as N95 or P100 stamped on them or on the box Always be clean-shaven when you wear a respirator or dust mask! In summary: ▼ Minimize exposure to dust and fumes using ventilation or special tools ▼ Aluminum dust must be collected using a special extractor ▼ Wear safety glasses when generating high-speed particles ▼ 2-strap dust masks or respirator filters must have the words “NIOSH” and a code such as N95 or P100 stamped on them or on the box ▼ Always be clean-shaven when you wear a respirator or dust mask! ▼

Questions? Do you have any questions?

End of Part 2 Control and Protection This is the end of the Dust and Fumes module.