North and South C.1845

How many points can you score in 5 minutes CHALLENGE GRID How many points can you score in 5 minutes Why might the Mexican-War be seen as turning point? [3 points] Recall one term in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo [1 points] Explain the trigger of the Mexican War [2 points] Explain why Zachary and Scott are considered hero in the Mexican war Describe one advantage America had going into the Mexican war Judge and justify the main cause of the Mexican war Recall one cause of the Mexican War Judge and justify the main reason that America won the Mexican war Explain why Polk was unhappy with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo What didn’t you get – get someone to answer it

Mark off in your planner

Key Words: Sectional tension Great learning: Even better: Good learning: Describe the Wilmot Proviso Great learning: Explain how people in House of Representatives voted on the Proviso. Even better: Evaluate the impact of the Wilmot Proviso on sectional tension Key Words: Sectional tension

RECAP Q. What did Polk promise to annex as part of his platform. Q RECAP Q. What did Polk promise to annex as part of his platform? Q. What did Polk personally aim to annex?

Q. To what extent did Polk meet his promise. Q Q. To what extent did Polk meet his promise? Q. To what extent did Polk meet his aims? Think, Pair, Share ‘Our rights to Oregon have been shamefully compromised… …The administration is Southern, Southern, Southern!’ Ohio Democrat

Wilmot Proviso, 12th August 1846 Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. What do you think the Wilmot Proviso said?

Wilmot Proviso, 12th August 1846 Use p.47 to extract the following information Who was David Wilmot? What is the Wilmot Proviso? What did it say? Why did David Wilmot create the Proviso?

POLITICAL PARTIES: RECAP DEMOCRATS WHIGS Existed in the North and South Party of the ordinary man/agriculture/ Did not want tariffs States rights Party of ‘new’ America Immigrant support (Irish) Existed in the North and South Party of the rich (business men, industry, banking) Wanted tariffs on imports Wanted a strong Federal Government Party of old America Families who had lives in USA for generations

How would you vote if you were a… Northern Democrat Northern Whig Southern Democrat Southern Whig Senate Southern Majority HoR Northern Majority Northern Democrats – Keep black people out of the new territories and ensure white settlers do not face competition from planters. Uneasy about Polk’s direction (mid-term elections) – southern dominating the party. Northern Whigs – Worried about the power of the south expanding, war is deliberately set up (slave power), Polk did it to bring in slave states) Southern Democrats – Polk is Southern Democrat Southern Whigs – South does most of the fighting and there are settlers in the new states with slaves and therefore there is nothing constitutionally stopping slavery from being in the territories.

Wilmot Proviso Using the last paragraph on p.47, summarise what happened to with the Proviso in 3 bullet points.

How important were these factors in making the Wilmot Proviso so divisive? Polk’s perceived Southern bias Slavery Constitution David Wilmot Federalism Not very Very

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Mexican War Source Grid Feedback

On the whole WWW: You all seemed to understand the source You could pick out the different elements of provenance You could identify the tone EBI: Own knowledge on provenance was weak Explanation of whether the source is valuable needed development (but not necessarily wrong!)

What is value? ‘valuable’ means: What increases the value of a primary source: Author being of great significance/having great insight into what is happening The audience being large or significant The source containing detail you don’t find elsewhere The argument giving an insight into debates and issues of the time How a person or group perceive the world (particular view point is valuable) Tone displaying the emotion or strength of response to the event or action What a primary source give you insight to: Individuals/groups motivations Individuals views Beliefs at the time Events and arguments surrounding them People’s justification for their actions. ‘valuable’ means: How much insight can the source give you on a specific topic (i.e. how much can it tell you?)

POINT EVIDENCE EXPLAIN What to pick out of the source for the paragraph Own knowledge you have on the points you have picked out Does what you’ve mentioned make the source valuable OR limited. PROVENANCE Nature/type Speech Author James Polk Audience Congress Date/context 11th May 1846 Purpose Persuade Congress to declare war Author James Polk was a Southern Democrat, who strongly supported westward expansion. Audience Congress are the only branch of the US government that can declare war, as stated by the Constitution. Date/context Texas had joined the Union in 1845. However, there were issues over the border between Mexico and Texas. This led to Polk sending troops to the Rio Grande… Is the author significant? Yes, in that he is the President of the USA and has insight to relations with Mexico. However, he clearly has an agenda to start a war, perhaps leading to exaggeration of how the relationship was. Is the audience significant? Yes, they are not only large, representing a variety of Northern and Southern states, but have the power to declare war. Does this source give you insight you cannot get elsewhere? Yes,

POINT EVIDENCE EXPLAIN What to pick out of the source for the paragraph Own knowledge you have on the points you have picked out Does what you’ve mentioned make the source valuable OR limited. Tone Patriotic Last resort Author James Polk was a Southern Democrat, who strongly supported westward expansion. Is the author significant? Yes, in that he is the President of the USA and has insight to relations with Mexico. However, he clearly has an agenda to start a war, perhaps leading to exaggeration of how the relationship was.

POINT EVIDENCE EXPLAIN What to pick out of the source for the paragraph Own knowledge you have on the points you have picked out Does what you’ve mentioned make the source valuable OR limited. Argument(s) Patriotic Last resort Author James Polk was a Southern Democrat, who strongly supported westward expansion. Is the author significant? Yes, in that he is the President of the USA and has insight to relations with Mexico. However, he clearly has an agenda to start a war, perhaps leading to exaggeration of how the relationship was.