Heading For War

Compromise of 1850 It was feared President Taylor would veto the bill July 1850 Taylor Died Millard Fillmore takes office Stephan A. Douglas took over for Clay and the Compromise of 1850 was passed

Result of the Compromise of 1850 Southerners were not satisfied Northerners were outraged by the Fugitive Slave Act Allowed runaway slaves to be returned to owners from the North California was admitted as a free state

Election of 1852 Whigs rejected President Fillmore because he supported the Compromise of 1850 The Whigs Nominate Winfield Scott General from the Mex. Am. War The Democrats nominate Franklin Pierce of New Hampshire Pierce wins by a landslide

Decline of the Whigs Many northern Whigs became tired of the parties Compromise on slavery Old issues that divided parties had disappeared

Rise of the Know Nothings 1846-1854 there was a surge of immigrants 3 million Europeans arrived Nativism was a feeling that native born Americans should be treated better than immigrants The Order of the Star Spangled Banner was a group of nativists who responded “I know nothing when asked about their secret organization”

Know Nothings cont. Nativists go public and form the American Party Pledged to work against Irish Catholic Immigrants Wanted immigrants to wait longer before becoming a citizen American Party was also known as the Know Nothings The party did well in northern states

Who came up with a plan to decide the slavery issue in the Nebraska territory? Why did he decide to split the territory? What is popular sovereignty? What was the name of the act that split the territory? What did Douglas think the states would vote for? Why? Did the act pass? How did the north feel about it? Page 334

Creation of the Republican Party People in the North protested the Kansas-Nebraska bill “stop the slave power” (south) Wanted to prevent the spread of slavery and repeal the Kansas-Nebraska Act Were supported by antislavery democrats, Whigs, and Free-Soilers

The System Fails

Kansas Kansas will vote to become a slave state or free state Pro and antislavery groups try to encourage voters

Violence Erupts Emigrant Aid societies were set up to send 1,200 New Englanders to Kansas to fight against slavery These settlers were called free-soilers Proslavery groups from Missouri crossed into Kansas and voted illegally Kansas had 2 capitals in 1855 Topeka antislavery Lecompton proslavery

Violence Erupts May 21, 1856 clashes began when a group of southerners looted a newspaper office owned by Free-Soilers John Brown (believed he was chosen by God to end slavery) May 24 he led a group of New Englanders to a proslavery town and dragged 5 men out of bed and killed them in front of their families A summer of violence erupted and Kansas became known as Bleeding Kansas

Did violence only take place in Kansas? What happened between Brooks and Sumner? How did Southerners and Northerners feel? Page 337

Election of 1856 Candidates Republican John C. Fremont Democrat James Buchanan American Party Millard Fillmore

Election of 1856 Democrats supported the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act Republicans wanted Kansas to enter the Union as a free state Buchanan won the election with southern support He said he would stop the agitation of the slavery issue

Dred Scott The Supreme court would agitate the issue of slavery with the Dred Scott decision March 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford Scott was a slave who was taken to a free territory with his master Scott claimed being in a free territory he was free

Dred Scott Scott had a suit against his master for freedom Supreme Court voted 7 to 2 against Scott Slaves were not citizens and therefore had no rights in court Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Slaves are property protected by the 5th amendment

Northern Outrage Northerners despised the Supreme Court Decision against Scott Congress had no power to stop the spread of slavery Buchanan supported the court hoping the issue would dissolve itself

Lecompton Constitution Proslavery group drafted a constitution for Kansas in 1857 Most of Kansas opposed slavery and refused to vote for it Buchanan endorsed the constitution It was turned down by voters Kansas remained a territory where slavery was legal But it entered the Union as a free state in 1861

Illinois 1858 Election Stephan a Douglas Democrat Abraham Lincoln Republican The election received national attention Lincoln and Douglas met 7 times in debates about slavery The Lincoln Douglas Debates

Lincoln Douglas Debates Election for Senate in Illinois Stephan Douglas favored popular sovereignty Abraham Lincoln did not believe slavery should spread and opposed popular sovereignty Douglas wins the election Lincoln gains followers

John Brown back again October 15, 1859 John Brown attacked a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA 21 men and 5 African Americans attacked with him Brown wanted to get weapons for slaves so they could revolt

Brown cont. Colonel Robert E. Lee and his troops surrounded the arsenal The troops killed half of his men including 2 of Brown’s sons Brown was convicted of treason and hanged Northerners saw Brown as a Martyr Southerners saw Brown as an enemy trying to destroy their way of life

A Nation Divided Against Itself

Election of 1860 Southern Democrats wanted slavery protected Northern Democrats wanted popular sovereignty Both groups nominate their own candidate Southern Democrats: John C. Breckinridge Northern Democrats Stephen Douglas

Election of 1860 Members of the Whig and American parties from the Border States (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri) formed the Constitutional Union party and nominated John Bell Republican party nominated Abraham Lincoln Lincoln won the majority without getting a single electoral vote in the south

Secession South feels betrayed by the election Southerners call for secession South Carolina Leaves first December 20, 1860 The Confederate States of America is formed Jefferson Davis is the President

War Starts Buchanan did not believe secession was legal but would not use force some wanted to compromise with the south The Crittenden Compromise would protect slavery where it existed and the Missouri Compromise line would be extended to California Lincoln believed secession was wrong and he would have to enforce the laws of the United States

Fort Sumter The Fort is located in Charleston Harbor Union troops are stationed at the fort Lincoln needed to resupply the fort April 6, 1861 Lincoln tells the Governor of SC he is sending food but no soldiers to the fort April 10 President Davis tells P.G.T. Beauregard to demand the forts surrender

Fort Sumter Major Robert Anderson controls the fort and refuses to surrender April 12, 1861 Beauregard opens fire on the fort After 34 hours Anderson surrenders

Lincoln’s Response Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to fight the seceding states for 90 days South saw this as an act of war Upper South (Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas) seceded 4 border states remained uncommitted to either side

end

Zachary Taylor Ran as a Whig in the election of 1848 Taylor wins defeating Lewis Cass Last president to hold slaves Urged New Mexico and California to bypass the territorial stage and draft constitutions for statehood Had a 40 year military career

Who were the major players in the Compromise of 1850 and where were they from? What were the 5 parts of the Compromise of 1850? Who opposed the Compromise of 1850? Why? Who supported the Compromise of 1850? Why? Page 327