The Protestant Reformation Ms. Catsos

Overview Corruption in the Church Martin Luther’s Protest Spread of Luther’s Ideas John Calvin

Church in the late Middle Ages Babylonian Captivity Return to Rome- need to rebuild Schemes to collect money Simony (paying for Church offices) Tithes on land Indulgences: payment for the forgiveness of sins

Corrupt Officials 12 year old bishops Illiterate priests Immoral behavior Caricature of Pope Alexander VI

Martin Luther German monk and professor of theology Had a deep personal fear of eternal damnation and thought the Church was leading people astray Never meant to start a new religion; only to reform the Church

95 Theses 95 arguments against the Church’s selling of indulgences Almost immediately, printed and spread across Europe

Lutheran Beliefs Salvation by faith alone Authority of the scriptures alone Vernacular translation of the Bible Different roles for priests

Diet of Worms Luther at the Diet of Worms (1521): “I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.”

Spread of Luther’s Ideas Widespread support among monarchs who wanted to reduce Church power. Peasants inspired by Luther revolted calling for an end to serfdom. Luther did not support them. Peace of Augsburg: Allowed each German prince to choose the religion of his own land.

John Calvin Catholic priest who converted in 1534 and fled to Geneva, Switzerland Belief in predestination, the belief that God has already planned out people’s lives and has already chosen who will go to Heaven Calvin set up a theocracy, or government run a religious group, in Geneva

Europe After the Reformation

Political Cartoons Common in an era when few people could read Caricature of Pope Alexander VI

Cartoon: Christ and Antichrist