AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE MID-1800s

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Presentation transcript:

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE MID-1800s Chapter 20 TCI How did African Americans face slavery and discrimination in the mid-1800s?

African American Rights SLAVES FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE SOUTH FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE NORTH Class Brainstorm

African American Rights SLAVES FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE SOUTH FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE NORTH No rights Were considered legal property. Could be bought and sold. Could not own or buy anything. Worked mostly on farms and plantations and were sometimes hired out to factories or mills. Worked as laborers, crafts people, or household servants. Were forbidden to own guns. Could not travel freely. Were not allowed to work certain jobs. Experienced discrimination. Were denied the right to vote. Had trouble finding good jobs. Had to live under policies of segregation. Started their own churches, schools, and self-help organizations.

Cotton Gin #1

Slave’s Working Conditions ¾ rural slave field hands Toiled from dawn to dark tending to crops After dark = wood to split, pigs to feed, corn to shuck, cotton to clean, & other chores Not all in fields Seamstresses Carpenters Blacksmiths House slaves Cooks Cleaning servants #2

Slaves’ Living Conditions Provided only what is needed to keep slaves healthy to work Crowded together in rough cabins Received rations of cornmeal, bacon, molasses Kept gardens & fished; some more (investment in health = investment in productivity) Clothing = rough, homespun cloth; minimum necessary for coverage Some medical care but Dr = limited knowledge #3

Slaves of the South No rights Were considered legal property. Could be bought and sold. Could not own or buy anything. Worked mostly on farms and plantations and were sometimes hired out to factories or mills. #4

“Free” African Americans of the South Worked as laborers, crafts people, or household servants. forbidden to own guns (hmmm…2nd amendment…?) Could not travel freely. Were not allowed to work certain jobs. #4

Free African Americans of the North Experienced discrimination. Were denied the right to vote. Had trouble finding good jobs. Had to live under policies of segregation. Started their own churches, schools, and self-help organizations. #4

Controlling Slaves Forced labor Harsh treatments (whipping, branding, torture, fear) to maintain control (power dynamic) Total dependency on master Kept slaves ignorant (no reading, writing, social understandings) Slave-breakers = violence, fear, overwork, never knowing what will happen next #4

Day-to-Day Resistance to Slavery Most = quiet, subtle, passive resistance Breaking tools, pulled down fences, sloppy work, damaged crops, snuck food, feigning illness or injury #5

Open Defiance to Slavery Escaping Work refusal Rejecting orders Violent rebellions & uprisings Ex: Nat Turner’s Rebellion 1831 – slave Nat Turner & followers set out to kill every white person Killed ~57 ppl. In two days Southerners panicked in response Passed strict slave codes administering harsh punishments #5

Underground Railroad Walked to freedom at night Used pathways to go from place to place Some people posted quilt signs or other markers in homes to signal it was a safe haven Created a network to get to Canada where slavery was illegal Harriet Tubman = aka “Moses” of the UGRR Escaped herself, then returned multiple times to free others Guided more than 300 ppl. to freedom risking everything #5

Slave Families & Communities Legally = slaves did not exist as people Owners could break up families selling off children, parents, etc. Self-wed quietly & privately Parents taught pride & discipline to children Sneaking in the lessons Don’t tell Whites too much Do not draw negative attention Try to learn regardless of oppression Respect of self Kindness, pride, hope Respect others within the community despite what society dictates love #6

Slave Communities Continued Social events (corn-husking, pea-shelling parties) Quilting bee Music making, singing Religion & recreation Churches Although owners & ministers preached obedience, they taught about Moses & the exodus of Egypt Religion & faith helped slaves endure & retain hope #6

African American Culture Several cultures from various backgrounds due to slave trade Combine old traditions with new Bible stories, plantation life, songs, etc. combined Express experiences of the culture hope, joy, oppression Slave dances based on silent rhythm “could play a tune with their feet, dancing largely to an inward music…felt, but not heard” (Hart) Legends, folktales, stories, jokes = passed via oral tradition #7, 8, 9