The Israelites Unit # 3

Vocabulary Monotheism- belief in one God. Torah- a set of laws handed down from God to the Israelites. Covenant- agreement Prophet: one who claims to be instructed by God to share words

Vocabulary Tribute: money or slaves given to a stronger ruler Proverb: wise saying Exile - forced life in a foreign land. Sabbath- weekly day of rest & worship.

Vocabulary Synagogue- Jewish house of worship. Diaspora – time when Jews were scattered outside Judaea. messiah - a deliverer sent by God. Rabbi - teacher of the Torah.

Beginnings of Ancient Israel Israelites descended from Abraham God told Abraham to leave Mesopotamia (Ur) and go to Canaan God makes a covenant with Abraham Will give Canaan to Abraham’s descendants Will make Abraham’s descendants “number more than the stars.” Modern-day Canaan is occupied by Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan. II. Religion Judaism: monotheistic, worship God The Torah: 1st five books of the Bible containing the law

Abraham’s Descendants I Abraham had two son’s A. Ishmael with Sarah’s servant B. Isaac with his wife Sarah 1. grandson, Jacob, had 12 sons. a. These 12 sons and their descendants became the 12 tribes of Israel. Jacob’s name was changed to Israel, which means “one who struggles with God.” Because of a drought, Israelites traveled to Egypt where they were enslaved by the Pharaoh to build pyramids.

Israelite Leaders Use the textbook to find at 3-5 facts for each leader. Some leaders like Moses and David may have more information than that. Make sure you research and read each section in its entirety! Abraham – pg. 141 Jacob (3) – pg. 142 Moses – pg. 142+143 Joshua (3) – pg. 144 +146 Deborah (3) – pg. 146 Saul – pg. 148-149 David – pg. 149-150 Solomon (3) – pg. 150

Israelite timeline 1200 B.C. God gives land of Canaan to Abraham and his descendants. Israelites build a kingdom in Canaan. Israelites move to Egypt to survive famine and become slaves to the Pharaoh 1290 B.C. Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt 1125 B.C. Deborah defeats the Canaanites Moses receives the Torah on Mt. Sinai 1100 B.C. Israelites settle Canaan.

Israelite timeline 2 1020 B.C. Israelites ask the prophet Samuel to appoint a king - Samuel appoints Saul as king. 1000 B.C. David becomes king Solomon, David’s son, becomes king 874 B.C. – 571 B.C. Time of the Prophets (Elijah, Amos, Hosea, etc) 722 B.C. Assyrians conquer Israel (lost tribes of Israel) 597 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar captures Jerusalem 586 B.C. Chaldeans destroy temple

Israelite Leaders Abraham Father of Israelite nation God told Abraham to move from Mesopotamia to Canaan. Abraham and his people should worship one God. Jacob Abraham’s grandson God changed his Jacob’s name to Israel – “one who struggles with God.” 12 tribes of Israel are formed by Jacob’s sons (Judah, Benjamin, etc)

Israelite Leaders 2 Moses Raised as royalty on Pharaoh’s household Led Israelites out of slavery in Egypt - Exodus Received the Torah (10 Commandments) from God on Mt. Sinai

Israelite Leaders 3 Joshua Took over when Moses died and led Israelites into Promised Land. Led Israel in the Battle of Jericho. Marched around the walls for 6 days blowing their trumpets. On the seventh day the Israelites shouted and the walls fell. Divided land among the 12 tribes Deborah One of the judges who led Israel before the kings Helped the Israelites defeat the Canaanite king Jabin

Israelite Leaders 4 Saul Appointed by Samuel the prophet as the 1st king of Israel Defeated Israel’s enemies in many battles Displeased God by breaking His commands, so God chose another king David Reigned from 1000 – 970 B.C. Killed the Philistine giant Goliath Served very successfully in Saul’s army

Israelite Leaders 5 David Refused to take the kingship from Saul because Saul was appointed by God through Samuel Became king after Saul’s death in battle Author of many of the Psalms Solomon When David died, his son Solomon became king Solomon built the 1st temple in Jerusalem

Israelite Leaders 6 Solomon Solomon wrote the book or Proverbs. He was known for his wisdom and wise sayings. Solomon was not well liked by many people he ruled over. He made many young men in the north work the mines to increase Israel’s wealth. After Solomon died, 10 of the 12 tribes set up their own country in the north – Israel. The other two tribes in the south set up a kingdom called Judah. Judah’s capital was Jerusalem.

Israelite Leaders 7 After the kingdoms were split (Israel and Judah), neighboring people wanted to control the trade routes that ran through the kingdoms This made the Israelites and Judah nervous During this troubled time the Hebrew people began to forget about their God and religion. Corruption became widespread. A series of prophets tried to lead the people back to God and following the law. Some of the prophets were Elijah, Amos, Isaiah, Micah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel.

The Dead Sea Scrolls

The Dead Seas Scrolls

Jewish Holidays Passover: April, 8 days, celebrates God’s passing over of the Jews during the final plagues in Egypt and Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt. Limited work, some foods are not allowed to be eaten or owned Rosh Hoshana: September/October, 2 days, celebrate the Jewish New Year, synagogue services, shofar (horn) is blown Yom Kippur: September/October: 25 hours, to make amends for sins of past year, no work, pray/fast Hanukkah: December, 8 days, celebrate Maccabees victory and reclaiming of temple in Jerusalem, light menorah, play games, give gifts