Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1: Introduction, Female Anatomy Updated:11/9/2018

What is happening in this image? Updated:11/9/2018

Instructions Graded exercise (5 points) On the card provided, list 3 things that you observe or know are occurring in the scene. (2 minutes) Print your name at the top Form groups of 4 or 5 (List the names in the group on your card). Take 2 minutes to discuss the scene and make a group list of what is occurring in the scene. Updated:11/9/2018

Potential Ways To Interpret Image Superficial Looking into each other’s eyes Touching Physiological changes Heart rates increasing Increased blood flow to reproductive organs Lubrication of vagina, clitoral enlargement, contractions of uterus Erection of penis, contractions of epididymis Updated:11/9/2018

Instructor John J. Parrish 714 Animal Science parrish@ansci.wisc.edu 263-4324 Updated:11/9/2018

Laboratories Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday Room 134 Animal Science 3:30 - 5:30 may last until 6:00 Updated:11/9/2018

Text Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition - Second Edition P.L. Senger UW Bookstore Library (not 2nd edition) Updated:11/9/2018

Web Page http://www.wisc.edu/ansci_repro/ Syllabus Lecture Outlines and Handouts Labs Old Exams Project Information Important Dates Grading Updated:11/9/2018

434 Web Site Modifications Updates may occur daily. Lecture outlines and labs are currently for last year 2004 lecture updates are usually done by 8:15 the day of lecture 2004 lab material will be updated by the time of Tuesday’s lecture. Updated:11/9/2018

Web Page Techniques Netscape 4.5 or better Internet Explorer 5.0 or better Will work best from a campus networked computer essential for video clips in WebCT Display set for 800 X 600 Frames were used in page construction Printing (check FAQ) movement within web site Reload button (for lab computers) the site is continually being changed Updated:11/9/2018

Updated:11/9/2018

Initial Syllabus Lectures Labs Handouts Old Exams Project FAQ Updated:11/9/2018

Syllabus Updated:11/9/2018

Important Dates Lecture Exams Lab Exams Oral Final February 19 April 8 May 12 (12:25 PM, Friday ) Lab Exams February 24 (given 3X on Tuesday) April 27, 28 or 29 (taken in lab) Oral Final April 8 to end of class Updated:11/9/2018

Grading (Tentative) Lecture Exam I 100 Lecture Exam II 100 Lecture Exam III 100 Lab Exam I 50 Lab Exam II 50 Oral Final 100 Project 200 Lab Exercises 65 Lab quizzes (start of lab; 5 @ 5 pts each) 25 Lab quizzes (end of lab; 13 @ 5 pts each) 65 Total 855 The final grade will be curved but generally ends near the following percentages: A (100-93%), AB (88-93%), B (80-88%), BC (79-70%), C (69-60%), D (59-50%), F (<50%). Updated:11/9/2018

Case or Problem Based Approach Dear Uncle Ed; I turned my heifers out this fall with a bull. The veterinarian determined most were pregnant in January. The heifer in the center of the picture was however not pregnant. What could be the problem? Your nephew, John Updated:11/9/2018

How do you approach a case? What information is relevant and what is not? What do you need to know? Where will you find this information? Team or Group responsibilities What will each member do? Time limits Updated:11/9/2018

Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy Lecture 1 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy Updated:11/9/2018

Learning Objectives To learn the different structures and nomenclatures for the parts of the female reproductive system. To learn the basic functions for the different parts of the tract and how they work together. Updated:11/9/2018

Equine - Horse Male Stallion Female Mare Updated:11/9/2018

Bovine - Cattle Male Bull Female Cow Updated:11/9/2018

Ovine - Sheep Male Ram Female Ewe Updated:11/9/2018

Porcine - Swine - Pig Male Boar Female Sow Updated:11/9/2018

Avian - Chicken Male Rooster Female Hen Updated:11/9/2018

Uterine Body Uterine Horn Ovary Oviduct Cervix Bladder Vagina Urethra Clitoris Vulva Updated:11/9/2018

Rectum Uterus Vulva Ovary Vagina Pelvis Bladder Cervix Oviduct Broad Ligament Updated:11/9/2018

Broad Ligament connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract Updated:11/9/2018

Broad Ligament mesometrium mesovarium mesosalpinx Updated:11/9/2018

Ovary - Primary Sex Organ Functions Hormonal Estrogen Progesterone Female gamete Oocyte Updated:11/9/2018

Ovary Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum Progesterone Updated:11/9/2018

} Ovary Germinal Epithelium Cortex Medulla Tunica Albuginea 85% of Ovarian Cancers Medulla Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves Hilus } Updated:11/9/2018

Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Egg nest Tertiary follicle Atretic follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Updated:11/9/2018

Primordial Follicle Primary Follicle Secondary follicle Tertiary follicle Flattened cells surround oocyte Follicle Cells Nucleus Increase in size of oocyte and height of follicular cells Ooplasma Follicular Cells Surrounded by several layers of follicular cells Oocyte Follicle forms a fluid filled cavity Differentiation of cell layers in the follicle wall Antrum

Tertiary Follicle Theca Externa Antrum Theca Interna (Follicular Fluid) Theca Interna Basement Membrane Oocyte Granulosa Cumulus Oophorus Updated:11/9/2018

Tertiary Follicle Theca Interna Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus Antrum Updated:11/9/2018

Follicular Blood Supply Theca interna cells Basement Membrane Granulosa cells Capillary network Follicular fluid Updated:11/9/2018

Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Serosa Submucosa Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Lumen Circular smooth muscle layer Mucosa Muscularis Updated:11/9/2018

Functions of Oviduct Gamete Transport Sperm Oocyte Supports early embryo development Transport of embryo to uterus Updated:11/9/2018

Oviduct Ovary Uterine Horn Isthmus Utero-Tubal Junction Ampullary-Isthmic Junction Ampulla Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm2) Ostium Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Fimbria Ovary Follicle Updated:11/9/2018

Oviduct Ampulla Mesosalpinx Isthmus UT Junction Uterine Horn Updated:11/9/2018

Oviduct Histology Mucosa Ciliated Columnar Nonciliated Columnar Updated:11/9/2018

Functions of the Uterus Muscle contractions Transport sperm Expel fetus and placenta Absorption and phagocytosis Partially prepares sperm for fertilization capacitation Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth Hormone production Prostaglandin F2a production Updated:11/9/2018

Uterus (bovine) Bicornuate horn body poorly to moderately developed uterine horns uterine body one cervix cervix Updated:11/9/2018

Caruncles Updated:11/9/2018

Uterine Histology Endometrium Endometrial Glands Perimetrium Myometrium Updated:11/9/2018

Uterine Histology Mucosa Endometrial Gland Endometrium Myometrium Submucosa Myometrium Perimetrium Updated:11/9/2018

Functions of the Cervix Transport of sperm Barrier to sperm (species dependent) Reservoir for sperm Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy Birth canal Updated:11/9/2018

COW Cervix Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue Uterine Body Internal Cervical Os Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation. Cervix Cow has 4-5 annular rings External Cervical Os Vagina Updated:11/9/2018

Cervix COW Internal Os Cervical Ring Cervical Ring Fornix Fornix External Os EWE Fornix Anterior Vagina Anterior Vagina Updated:11/9/2018

Functions of the Vagina Copulatory organ Glands secrete lubrication Birth canal Glands secrete pheremones Updated:11/9/2018

Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Cervix Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter Fornix Stratified Squamous Epithelium Columnar Epithelium Urethra Mucosa Submucosa Submucosa Updated:11/9/2018

Posterior Vaginal Histology Stratified Squamous Epithelium Mucosa Submucosa Updated:11/9/2018

Function of External Genitalia Labia Closes entrance to vagina Clitoris Female sensory organ Updated:11/9/2018

External Genitalia of the Cow Anus Vulva Labia Clitoris Labia Updated:11/9/2018

Phenomena For Fertility vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth female bedbug - no vagina hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male Updated:11/9/2018