The Earth, Weather & Climate

The Water Cycle In the WATER CYCLE, water vapor enters the atmosphere by evaporation from oceans & other bodies of water & leaves by condensation.

The change from liquid water into water vapor is called what The change from liquid water into water vapor is called what? There are two kinds of vaporization and they are what? VAPORIZATION EVAPORATION & BOILING (100°C/212°F)

The opposite of vaporization; where gas particles lose enough thermal energy to become a liquid is called? CONDENSATION

A form of water that falls to the Earth’s surface; there are four types of precipitation & they are what? RAIN, SLEET, SNOW & HAIL

What is the rainwater that does not soak into the ground and flow over the Earth’s surface? RUN-OFF

What is the process of water movement through a plant & evaporation from parts of the plant such as leaves, stems & the flower called? TRANSPIRATION

What is the a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air called? HUMIDITY What is the percentage of water vapor that is actually in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at a particular temperature called? RELATIVE HUMIDITY

This is a temporary status of the atmosphere, it varies with time, place & various types. It can be seen in various parts of the world & is never constant anywhere. It is happening now. What am I? THE WEATHER

This type of weather can be observed on or near or shoreline regions This type of weather can be observed on or near or shoreline regions. The western coasts of the continents & the southeastern regions are characterized with their coastal climate; which is called what? COASTAL WEATHER

This type of weather can be seen in the equatorial regions of the Earth. Throughout the year, the temperature remains very warm in these locations. The climate is also characterized with a very damp & humid weather. There is also a large amount of rainfall throughout the year. What kind of weather is this? HOT WEATHER

This type of weather can be observed in the polar climate zones This type of weather can be observed in the polar climate zones. These regions are known for their extreme cold climates. The temperature remains almost same throughout the year. What kind of weather is this? COLD WEATHER

This type of weather is in high elevation areas is This type of weather is in high elevation areas is. The climate of those regions is generally cold & along with high precipitation. What kind of weather is this? MOUNTAIN WEATHER

What are the four types of weather? 1. COASTAL WEATHER 2. HOT WEATHER 3. COLD WEATHER 4. MOUNTAIN WEATHER

AIR MASS An ____________ is a huge body of air in the lower atmosphere that has similar temperature, humidity & air pressure at any given height. What are the four types? 1. TROPICAL, 2. POLAR, 3. MARITIME & 4. CONTINENTAL

One complete trip by Earth around the sun takes 365 ¼ days is know as its what? REVOLUTION The spinning motion of Earth around its axis which is 24 hours is called what? ROTATION

What is a mixture of gases which forms a layer around Earth called What is a mixture of gases which forms a layer around Earth called? It is mainly of nitrogen (N) & oxygen (O2), along with a small percentage of trace gases. ATMOSPHERE

TRACE GASES (GREENHOUSE GASES) Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane, Ozone, & water vapor make up less than 1% of the atmosphere & absorb the heat when leaving the Earth’s atmosphere. What are these called? TRACE GASES (GREENHOUSE GASES)

This is the force exerted by air molecules in all directions; not just one. AIR PRESSURE

Weather is happening now! Climate is over a period of time.

What is the difference between weather & climate? WEATHER IS HAPPENING NOW WHILE CLIMATE IS HAPPENS OVER TIME

A geographer who studies climates is called what? CLIMATOLOGIST A person who studies weather is called what? METEOROLOGIST

CAUSES SEASONS WITH THE TILT OF THE EARTH Rotate Revolve SPIN OR TURN GOES AROUND TAKES 365 ¼ DAYS (1 YEAR) TAKES 24 HOURS CAUSES DAY & NIGHT CAUSES SEASONS WITH THE TILT OF THE EARTH

AXIS (THIS IS THE REASON FOR THE SEASONS) An imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole through the center of the Earth is called what? AXIS (THIS IS THE REASON FOR THE SEASONS)

The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of the particles from one part of a material to another is called what? CONVECTION

The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves is called what? RADIATION

It is a star that we see during the day which gives us our light & energy. It is 100 times wider than the Earth & 10 times wider than Jupiter… what is it? THE SUN

RAIN SHADOW EFFECT

CLIMATE ZONES COOL TEMPERATE & MOIST

MID-LATITUDE HUMID CONTINENTAL CLIMATES TYPES CHARACTERISTICS VEGETATION TROPICAL TROPICAL WET RAINY ALL YEAR ROUND BROADLEAF TREES TROPICAL WET & DRY HAS A RAINY SEASON GRASSLANDS & SAVANNA DRY DESERT LESS THAN 10 INCHES OF RAIN SPECIALLY ADAPTED PLANTS SEMI-ARID UP TO 20 INCHES OF RAIN GRASSLANDS CALLED STEPPE MID-LATITUDE MEDITERRANEAN WET WINTER PLANTS THAT HAVE ADAPTED TO A DRY SEASON IN THE SUMMER MARINE WEST COAST RAINY YEAR ROUND MIXED FORESTS OF BROADLEAF & NEEDLE-LEAF TREES OR ONLY NEEDLE-LEAF TREES HUMID SUBTROPICAL LONG, HOT, HUMID SUMMERS HUMID CONTINENTAL WIDE RANGE OF SUMMER & WINTER TEMPERATURES GRASSLANDS & SAVANNAS HIGH LATITUDE SUBARTIC COLD DRY CLIMATE TUNDRA PERMANENT ICE & SNOW ICECAP NONE HIGHLAND VARIES WITH LATITUDE, ELEVATION & CONTINENTAL LOCATION

Sometimes referred to as climate change; it is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system & its related effects. There is lots of scientific evidence that show that the climate is warming, however there is some evidence that suggests it is not. What is this called? GLOBAL WARMING

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Are resources that are used faster than can not be replaced by natural processes is called what? Are resources that can be replaced by natural process in a relatively short period of time are called what? NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES RENEWABLE RESOURCES

2. WATER (HYDROELECTRIC) What are the five main Renewable Resources? 1. SUN (SOLAR) 2. WATER (HYDROELECTRIC) 3. WIND 4. GEOTHERMAL 5. BIOMASS

Examples of Non-Renewable Resources are called Fossil Fuels; what are the three of them? COAL OIL (PETROLEUM) NATURAL GAS

The goal of risk reduction is to reduce the risk to life & property, which includes existing structures & future construction, in the pre & post-disaster environments. This is called what? MITIGATION

RADIOCARBON DATING is useful only for dating organic material-material from once living organisms which includes bones, wood, parchment & charcoal.