Internet of Things (IoT) Amadou Diallo, Jason Bradley, Julio de Sa, Linden Haynes, Jeremy Taylor CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

What is the Internet of Things? Recent trend in device connectivity connects several “things” Millions of devices that aren’t connected – but could be - causes us to lose a lot of potential data Gartner’s “Hype Cycle” keeps our expectations in check. Speaker should mention what “things” are Speaker should mention things that have been made to be connected that weren’t previously and things that are continuously getting more connected. (don’t go too into detail, because that’s the next two slides) Mention that we’ll come back to the hype cycle later (helps with flow) CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

Categories of “Things” Conventional devices enhanced with internet connectivity How many of these do you already use? Think mechanical things like plumbing, fridges, cars, watches.. Millions of examples. Mention that remote control functionality and automation here. CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

Categories of “Things” Conventional systems enhanced via new devices using IoT patterns. Are you aware of when these are affecting you? Talk about “smart cities” here. Make note to the class that these categories aren’t set in stone, and often overlap (like smart phones, perhaps smart cars even) CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

Accelerators for the IoT Complexity for a device to be connected is lower. Internet address space has increased. “The Cloud” allows for more data collections. Note that sensors are much, much cheaper nowadays, and there are many different types of sensors. (Maybe look up a few sensors that are commonly used for smaller things. Mention Raspberry Pi’s even?) Mention IPv6 Really hammer in how easy and accessible it is to get a server for data storage. Things like Amazon’s EC2 and AWS make this insanely cheaper than it once was. CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

Motion Detecting Sensor ~$10 Optical Sensor ~$25 These are just different sensors to give an appreciation for how small these are, and we need to describe the amount of information they can give. Pulse Rate Sensor ~$22 CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

Sensor Networks Groups of sensors that communicate with higher layered groups of more sophisticated sensors Generally have specifically designed purposes. Sensor networks have existed for a while. Can also bring up RFID, which allow tracking of sensors much more Come up with some type of sensor network example (perhaps a patient in a hospital having pulse sensors) Note that IoT cannot exist without these basic networks, but these networks can exist without the concept of IoT. CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

“Flow” of IoT Data Data is created and sent Data is stored Sent through the network using MQTT, HTTP, or CoAP The amount of data should be small and, of course, efficient Data is stored The order of the data is often important Data is analyzed Order of magnitude of data analyzed varies widely Data creation/sending: Mention that these three are the most common in IoT They’re light-weight, but HTTP isn’t suited to constrained environments (which you want smaller IoT devices to be) Data storage: The data can be large or small, but it must be ordered, because many IoT devices rely on the actual time the data is made Data analysis: Mention examples of magnitude like: a fridge knowing when its milk is expired to the thousands of cars analyzed to know traffic data CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

IoT Protocols MQTT – Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Extremely lightweight “Machine-to-machine” connectivity CoAP – Constrained Application Protocol Very simple, less lightweight Translates to HTTP Mention that MQTT works on top of the TCP/IP protocol Works under the notion that network bandwidth is very limited Mention CoAP is an application layer protocol CoAP is also defined under an RFC Mention that translating to HTTP means far easier integration into web systems CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

Challenges and Concerns Lack of standardization brings back the complexity dropped from improving the technology. Open Connectivity Foundation (Dell, Intel, Samsung) Industrial Internet Consortium (Intel, Cisco, GE, IBM) AllJoyn (Qualcomm, Linux) Security becomes an issue as complexity of sensors is intentionally reduced Continuation from “hype cycle” Standardization: Difficult to integrate systems once again, refer back to the idea of how the internet began from proprietary networks Groups below are pushing for standardization between companies, AllJoyn merging with OCF Also note that this can bottleneck everything being connected Security: note that the smaller components are left unattended in devices (think of ATM machines and card scammers) Also bring up software updates and actual network attacks on the devices sending CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

Privacy Concerns How would a user opt out of being involved in the IoT? Ethical issues of storing data indefinitely exist. CS4622 (8PM) Team 1

References https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/05/13/simple- explanation-internet-things-that-anyone-can-understand/ https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-the-internet-of-things-everything- you-need-to-know-about-the-iot-right-now/ https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/11/the-internet-of-things-bigger/ https://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/internet-of-things/ http://www.wired.co.uk/article/internet-of-things-what-is-explained-iot https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0 411FINAL.pdf CS4622 (8PM) Team 1