Nematode Thresholds and Damage Levels

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Presentation transcript:

Nematode Thresholds and Damage Levels Howard Ferris and Philip Roberts Nematology Workgroup Meeting March, 2005

Some Constraints to Early Adoption Sources of Data Ferris et al, 1970s and 1980s Roberts et al, 1980s Cooke and Thomason, 1970s Some Constraints to Early Adoption Availability of inexpensive nematicides Development of resistant varieties in some crops Publication of thresholds in arcane format

Some of those involved…. Dan Ball Larry Duncan Pete Goodell Joe Noling Diane Alston Sally Schneider Lance Beem

Thresholds by field plot South Coast Field Station USDA Shafter Tulelake

Thresholds by transect Imperial and Coachella Valleys Ventura County Tulare County

Seinhorst Damage Function Y=m+(1-m)z(Pi-T) Y=relative yield m=minimum yield Z=regression parameter Pi=population level T=tolerance level Based on preplant population levels – measured or predicted from overwinter survival rates

Case Study on Cotton Cultivar Soil Location (T)olerance Z m SJ2 loamy sand south SJV 65 0.998 0.55 Deltapine imperial 50 0.9972 0.65 SJ2, SJ5, SJ-C1 l. sand/s. loam 55 0.999 0.48 average (all) --------------------- ------------- 57 0.56 average (SJV) 60 0.9985 0.52 SJ2(-FOV) sandy loam 0.9966 0.54 SJ2(+FOV) 0.9847 0.38

Case Study on Cotton Meloidogyne incognita, J2/250 cc soil Expected % yield loss at different preplant nematode densities Cultivar Soil Location Threshold 20 50 100 200 500 SJ2 loamy sand south SJV 25 5 15 27 41 Deltapine imperial 19 7 16 26 34 SJ2, SJ5, SJ-C1 l. sand/s. loam 21 4 10 37 average (all) --------------------- ------------- 22 6 40 average (SJV) 23 12 24 SJ2(-FOV) sandy loam 45 SJ2(+FOV) 42 59 62

Damage Function Parameters for Selected Crops (T)olerance Z m Bell Pepper 65 0.9978 0.87 Cantaloupe 10 0.9972 0.40 Carrot 0.99 0.6 Chile Pepper 39 0.9934 0.70 Cotton 57.5 0.9976 Cowpea 22 0.9816 0.96 Potato 18 0.49 Snapbean 14 0.57 Squash 0.9898 Sugarbeet 0.9955 0.89 Sweetpotato 0.99375 0.47 Tomato 41.8 0.99934

Thresholds and Expected Yield Loss Meloidogyne incognita, J2/250 cc soil; adjusted for extraction efficiency Expected % yield loss at different preplant nematode densities Crop Threshold 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 Bell Pepper 25 8 Cantaloupe 4 3 7 17 30 46 Carrot 9 16 29 37 40 Chile Pepper 15 14 24 Cotton 22 6 27 Cowpea 52 Potato 34 47 51 Snapbean 18 Squash 12 23 41 74 93 Sugarbeet Sweetpotato 43 Tomato

Expected Damage Meloidogyne chitwoodi; summer crop potato; Klamath Basin Fall population levels; adjusted for extraction efficiency Expected % tuber blemish at different fall nematode densities J2/250 cc 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 % Blemish 3 4 7 8 12 15 18 25

Thresholds and Expected Yield Loss Heterodera schachtii, eggs/100g soil Sugarbeets Cultivar Soil Location (T)olerance Z m US-H9 clay Imperial 100 0.99886 loam SJV/Idaho 300 0.99976 Expected % yield loss at different preplant nematode densities Cultivar Soil Location Threshold 50 100 200 500 1000 US-H9 clay Imperial 11 37 64 loam SJV/Idaho 300 5 15

Some References Benedict, J.H., K.M. El-Zik, L.R. Oliver, P.A. Roberts, and L.T. Wilson. 1989. Economic injury levels for cotton pests. Chapter 6. In: Integrated Pest Management Systems and Cotton Production. R.E. Frisbie, K.M. El-Zik, and L.T. Wilson (eds.). John Wiley and Sons, New York. Pp. 121-153. Cooke, D. A., and I. J. Thomason. 1979. The relationship between population density of Heterodera schachtii, soil temperature, and sugarbeet yields. Journal of Nematology 11:124-128. Duncan, L. W. and H. Ferris. 1983. Effects of Meloidogyne incognita on cotton and cowpeas in rotation. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conference: 22-26. Ferris, H. 1984. Probability range in damage predictions as related to sampling decisions. Journal of Nematology 16:246-251. Ferris, H. 1985. Population assessment and management strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes. Agricultural, Ecosystems and Environment 12(1984/85):285-299. Ferris, H., D. A. Ball, L. W. Beem and L. A. Gudmundson. 1986. Using nematode count data in crop management decisions. California Agriculture 40:12-14. Ferris, H., H. L. Carlson and B. B. Westerdahl. 1994. Nematode population changes under crop rotation sequences: consequences for potato production. Agronomy Journal 86:340-348. Ferris, H., P. B. Goodell and M. V. McKenry. 1981. Sampling for nematodes. California Agriculture 35:13-15. Goodell, P.B., M. A. McClure, P. A. Roberts, and S. H. Thomas 1997. Nematodes. In: Integrated Pest Management for Cotton in the Western Region of the United States. 2nd edition. Univ. of California Publ. No. 3305. Pp. 103-110. Roberts, P.A. and G.D. Griffin. 1994. The economic feasibility of management alternatives. In: Quantifying Nematode Control. G.D. Griffin and P.A. Roberts (eds.). Western Regional Research Publication #149, Utah State University Press, Logan, UT. Pp. 23-49. Roberts, P.A. and I.J. Thomason. 1981. Sugarbeet Pest Management: Nematodes. Univ. of California Special Publ. No. 3272. 32 pages.