DO NOW Nutrients enter the bloodstream during the process of? (1) locomotion (3) elimination (2) respiration (4) absorption

How do each of the body systems fulfill all the life functions? Human Body Systems How do each of the body systems fulfill all the life functions?

MR STRaNGER M is for Metabolism – the sum of all life functions

MR STRANGER RESPIRATION: Which body system performs respiration? Respiratory System of course! Respiration is NOT breathing What is respiration?

respiration Using oxygen to make energy! 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Oxygen +sugar  carbon dioxide +water + energy

Where does respiration take place? The lungs supply the body with oxygen needed for respiration. In every cell of your body. Every cell needs to make energy in order to perform all of the life functions and stay alive. The lungs also excrete waste. CO₂ - carbon dioxide

MR STRaNGER Synthesis: Combining simple elements to make more complex compounds

Circulatory System Muscular System Skeletal System MR STRANGER Which body systems are responsible for transportation? Circulatory System Muscular System Skeletal System

3 Divisions of the Circulatory System Heart Blood Blood Vessels

3 Divisions of the Circulatory System 1. Heart: Acts as a pump 2. Blood Vessels: Tubes to transport blood 3. Blood: Liquid that contains blood cells, nutrients and waste material.

1 9 5 6 7 3 8 4 Septum 10 2

Capillary Bed: Where veins and arteries Meet. Capillary walls are only 1 cell Thick. Why?

Only 1 blood cell passes through the capillary at a time. The capillary wall is so thin that the oxygen diffuses right through to the cells. O2 O2 O2 Oxygen CO2

Functions of the Skeletal System 1. Provides shape and support. 2. Protects internal organs. 3. Muscles are attached to bones which provide movement. 4. Bone marrow makes blood cells. 5. Minerals stored in bones (calcium and phosphorus)

Joints The bones join together to form joints. Our bones are held together by strong stretchy bands called ligaments.

Functions of Muscles MOVEMENT! Muscles contract and relax to allow movement. They move your bones. They pump blood.

Voluntary Vs. Involuntary Voluntary Muscle: Muscles you can consciously control. Involuntary Muscle: Muscle you do not consciously control them.

Difference between voluntary and involuntary muscle Striated or smooth cells. Striations make the muscle stronger.

3. Cardiac Muscle Only found in the heart Unique because it is striated and involuntary. Why? This makes the muscle strong and you don’t have to tell your heart to beat.

How do muscles work? 1. Muscles always pull bones, they never push. 2. Muscles always work in pairs. When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes. Ex: biceps and triceps

MR STRANGER Which body system is for regulation? TWO! Nervous and Endocrine

There are 2 Regulation Systems 1. Nervous System: Nerves deliver electrical messages 2. Endocrine System: Chemical messages – hormones

Which System is Faster? Nervous system Nerves transmit messages instantly. Chemicals have to travel in the blood and they take time to reach their destination.

Stimulus  Response Stimulus: Information from a sense organ Your brain or your spinal cord decide on a reaction Your muscles or glands respond

(medulla)

BRAIN SECTION Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla Largest part of the brain. Controls voluntary movement. Receives information from sense organs Thinking and memory Cerebellum Back of the brain. Maintains balance and coordination. Medulla Base of the brain. Controls all involuntary movements. Blinking, heart beat, breathing, peristalsis.

BRAIN SECTION Spinal cord Spinal nerves Bundle of many nerves extending from the medulla along your back. Highway into and out of the brain. Spinal nerves 31 pairs of nerves extend off the spinal cord Branch out to all parts of the body

What is the function? Endocrine System Chemical Messengers called Hormones

Endocrine Glands Endocrine glands are the site of hormone production. They are located throughout your body. Each gland makes a specific hormone.

Endocrine glands are ductless  hormones are secreted directly into the blood. They travel in the blood until they reach their destination where they will have an affect. This is called the target tissue.

MR STRANGER Which body system is responsible with supplying the body with nutrients? DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Functions of the Digestive System 1. Ingest: Food enters the body. Food contains nutrients needed for metabolism (chemical reactions). 2. Digest: Breaking down the food so cells can absorb the nutrients. 3. Absorption: Getting the nutrients to the cells. 4. Egest: Removing solid waste from the body.

1000 calories will be stored in fat. Why Eat? Food is needed to make Energy for life. This amount of energy is measured in calories. Unused calories of energy are stored in our fat cells for later. Eat 2000 calories of food. Use 1000 calories of energy. 1000 calories will be stored in fat.

Mechanical Vs. Chemical Digestion Is mechanical digestion a physical or chemical change? Mechanical is a physical change: breaking large pieces into smaller pieces. Is chemical digestion a physical or a chemical change? Chemical is a chemical change: chemically breaks large molecules into different, smaller molecules.

MR STRANGER Which body system is responsible for excretion? Urinary System Respiratory System Digestive system

Systems of Excretion Excretion: Eliminating waste Respiratory System: Removes carbon dioxide, water and heat. Skin: Sweat removes water, salt and urea (chemical waste made by cells). Urinary System: Removes excess water, salt and other chemicals (urea).

Functions of the Urinary System 1. Rids the body of waste produced by metabolism of nutrients. 2. Controls blood volume by removing excess water in blood. 3. Balances specific levels of salts needed for chemical reactions to take place. 4. Helps maintain homeostasis.

Urinary System

Functions of Skin Skin protects your body Skin has sensory receptors (touch). Skin makes vitamin D Skin helps regulate body temperature. Skin excretes waste (sweat)

Reproductive System MR STRANGER Making more like you! Which body system is responsible for reproduction? Reproductive System Making more like you!

1. What is the major function of the human excretory system? (1) eliminate waste materials (2) respond to stimuli (3) break down food mechanically (4) absorb nutrients from food

2. The interaction of the skeletal and muscular systems to produce locomotion is coordinated by which human body system? (1) circulatory (2) nervous (3) excretory (4) respiratory

3. Which human body system produces the hormones that regulate growth? (1) skeletal (2) circulatory (3) digestive (4) endocrine

4. The chart below identifies the function of several organs found in a human body system. Which human body system performs these functions? (1) skeletal (3) circulatory (2) digestive (4) respiratory

5. In humans, the amount of sugar in blood is controlled by the release of a hormone called insulin. This process is an example of (1) depletion (2) regulation (3) digestion (4) excretion