Language paper 2: Section B Writing P2, Sec A provides students with two sources on a given topic or theme. Having read and responded to how different writers have presented view-points, students have an opportunity to set out their own personal view-point in Sec B.  The writing task is linked to the topic or theme of the reading sources. In this sense, the following aspects of the writing task will remain consistent:  A statement at the start of the question setting out a clear audience, purpose and form  An enabling, provocative/controversial statement that prompts students to write a response offering their own attitude/viewpoint.  “Homework has no value. Some students get it done for them; some don’t do it at all. Students should be relaxing in their free time.”  Write an article for a broadsheet newspaper in which you explain your point of view on this statement. 

Writing to instruct/advise Purposes Showing ability to write for purpose and audience and, within the provided form.  Using language for impact: Allowing (where relevant) opportunities to:  Give and respond to information  Select, organise and emphasise facts, ideas and key points  Cite evidence and quotation  Include rhetorical devices.  Writing to explain Writing to instruct/advise Writing to argue  Writing to persuade  Explain what you think about…  Argue the case for or against the statement that…  Persuade the writer of the statement that...  Advise the reader of the best way to… 

Audiences & Forms The audiences will be formal in nature Leaflet Could include: A clear/apt/original title  Organisational devices such as inventive subheadings or boxes  Bullet points  Effectively/fluently sequenced paragraphs The audiences will be formal in nature The range of forms that can be set:  Letter Could include: The use of addresses A date A formal mode of address if required (Dear Sir/Madam or a named recipient) Effectively/fluently sequenced paragraphs An appropriate mode of signing off (Yours sincerely/faithfully). Speech Could include: A clear address to an audience  Effective/fluently linked sections to indicate sequence  Rhetorical indicators that an audience is being addressed throughout  A clear sign off e.g. ‘Thank you for listening’ Article Could include: A clear/apt/original title A strapline Subheadings An introductory (overview) paragraph Effectively/fluently sequenced paragraphs Essay Could include: An effective introduction and convincing conclusion  Effectively/fluently linked paragraphs to sequence a range of ideas

English Language Paper 2 Writers’ Viewpoints & Perspectives

Purpose To Persuade To Argue To Inform Presenting reasons and examples to influence action or thought. Effective persuasive writing requires a writer to state clearly an opinion and to supply reasons & specific examples that support the opinion. Presenting evidence to support a particular point of view / stance. Effective arguments require a writer to provide a counter-argument to show they understand both sides and to supply reasons & specific examples of why their stance is more credible. Presenting information that enables an audience to make unbiased decisions. Effective information texts require writers to be as objective as possible and present the facts as clearly as possible

Rhetoric The ‘art of discourse:’ the art of effective writing or speaker for a particular effect, normally to persuade. Ethos Pathos Logos The personality & stance of the writer/speaker. In terms of writing, personality generally means the tone of a piece – is it amusing / challenging / sad? What vocabulary and structure are used? Stance relates to the attitudes and viewpoints of the writer – what are they proposing? The emotional engagement a piece of writing has with its audience. Usually achieved through language & imagery to create an emotional connection with the audience. The rational & reasoned argument proposed in writing Should therefore be coherent, logical and ordered.

Rhetorical Questions & Repetition All Figures of Speech Simile/Metaphor/Puns/ Personification. A Opinions Personal thoughts O Rhetorical Questions & Repetition Anaphora/Epistrope R Facts & Figures Using numbers & data to support your ideas F Sounds & Senses Alliteration/Assonance/Consonance/Sibilance Onomatopoeia/Rhyme Visual/Aural/Olfactory/ Gustatory/Tactile S Emotive language Words used to trigger certain emotions. E Threes Using three words (adjectives) together T

JFK’S INAGURAL ADDRESS Group 1: examples of ethos Group 2: examples of pathos Group 3: examples of logos Group 4: usage of language techniques Group 5: usage of syntax (types & lengths of sentences)

We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge -- and more.

Pathos: Personal pronouns to create unity. We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge -- and more. Ethos: his proposal. Alliteration Opinion Caesura: dramatic pause Emotive Language Alliteration: increases pace and creates flow; lyrical Logos: giving evidence in a list Use to guide students in their annotations. Repetition of ‘let’ – reflects his power to allow actionc Sibilance Short declarative sentence

JFK’S Inaugural Address In groups, analyse your part of JFK’s speech, focusing on the following: Ethos Pathos Logos Language techniques Syntax Comment on the effect and purpose of the technique and how it is successful in engaging the audience.

What methods does he use? CONSOLIDATION How successful is Kennedy’s inaugural address in engaging its audience and how is this success achieved? Write two PEELAs in response to this question. You should focus on the opening section which we analysed as a class and the section which you annotated in your group. Remember to analyse the language and techniques as well as explaining how ethos, pathos and logos are used. What methods does he use? To what extent? Make a judgement.