Radiation protection legalisation in Hungary Anna Maria Motoc Ádám Salik National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene

Regulatory Authority The type of regulatory system adopted in a country depends on: the size complexity safety applications of the regulated practices and sources the regulatory traditions in the country Atomic energy may be used only in such ways identified by legal regulations and subject to regular control by the authorities. The conditions for the safe application of atomic energy shall be determined by the regulatory authorities concerned. These authorities shall be independent of the public administration organisations having an interest in promoting and developing the use of atomic energy.

Radiation protection in Hungary Present regulation ICRP Publication 103. (2007) IAEA/IBSS EURATOM Directive 2013/59 (2013) Act No. CXVI of 1996 on Atomic Energy (modified) Governmental Decree No. 487/2015

Act CXVI of 1996 on Atomic Energy Use of the nuclear energy is regulated by law in Hungary; the peaceful use of atomic energy promotes the living conditions of humanity in numerous fields of industry, agriculture, health care, and scientific research;  however, that the improper application of atomic energy may harm the health of humans and of fauna and flora, and damage the natural environment;  to ensure that the risk caused by the use of atomic energy is no greater than the socially-accepted risks associated with other activities and to ensure adherence to safety requirements by appropriate national regulations which are in agreement with international regulations;

Act CXVI of 1996 on Atomic Energy the Act defines the legal responsibilities of the users of nuclear energy and of the authoriti; what it means, the nuclear energy peaceful uses? For example: Panoramic X-Ray Equipment, industrial application (radiography) the Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority (OAH) is charged with the primary responsibility for regulation and supervision of radiation safety.

Structure of the radiation protection framework Act on Atomic Energy Executive Decrees Standards for workplaces Workplace Radiation Protection Rules

Government Decree No. 487/2015 (XII.30) on the execution of certain provisions of Act CXVI of 1996 on Atomic Energy associated with radiation protection

Goal of radiation protection to prevent the occurrence of serious radiation induced acute and chronic deterministic effects (e.g., cataracts, skin burns, acut radiation syndrom) and to reduce the potential for stochastic effects (e.g., cancers, hereditary effects) in exposed persons to a degree that is acceptable in relation to the benefits to the individual and to society from the activities that generate such exposures.

Radiation protection requirements 3 principles: justification of a practice; optimization of protection and safety; dose limitation.

Justification of a practice No practice involving exposures to radiation should be adopted unless it produces sufficient benefit to the exposed individuals or to society to offset the radiation detriment it causes. An activity resulting in the release of ionising radiation may only be licensed in the case that it can be justified that the benefit to society counterbalances the potential adverse consequences of the radiation;

Optimization of protection the protection and the safety shall be optimized: the magnitude of individual doses, the number of the persons exposed to radiation the probability of the exposures should all be kept as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA), economic and social factors being taken into account.

Optimization of Protection in Dental Radiology To be able to apply the principle of radiation protection to dental radiology system including design and Quality Control (QC). Facts Very frequent examination (about 25% of all the radiological examinations) Organs at risk: parathyroid, thyroid, larynx, parotid glands

Optimization of Protection in Dental Radiology Technical characteristics of intraoral, panoramic, and cephalometric dental x-ray equipment are summarized, along with operating characteristics Although doses are generally low, the high frequency of examinations requires radiation protection and quality control in dental radiology Some tests are detailed for quality control of dental equipment. What Tests ? Processor QC– most critical Collimation Dose Exposure Time Half-Value Layer Kilovoltage (kVp)

How reduce the dose? Patient dose? PD Basic radiation protection strategies Time (short exposure time) Distance (operator) Shielding (lead)

Dose limitation Is aimed at ensuring that no individual is exposed to radiation risks that are judged to be unacceptable from these practices in any normal circumstances. The accumulated radiation doses arising from artificial sources, except the radiation doses arising from medical treatment, shall not exceed the dose limits set forth in the Decree (487/2015). Intervention levels relating to emergency radiation doses (urgent protective measures: isolation, evacuation, iodine prophylaxis)

Members of the population Workers in emergency situation Radiation protection dose limits with respect to workers and public members Exposed workers Students, trainees (between 16-18 y) Members of the population Workers in emergency situation Effective dose (whole body) 20 mSv/y 6 mSv/y 1 mSv/y 50, 100 and 250 mSv / case Equivalent dose Eye lenses 20 mSv/ y 15 mSv/y skins 500 mSv /y 150 mSv/y 50 mSv/y Pregnant or nursing mother employee can't be employed in radiation jobs. 487/2015 Government Decree

Radiation protection training Acquisition of radiation protection knowleadge shall be ensured within the framework of training and upgrading training (every five years); subject to examination; depending on the degree of the risk arising from the characteristics of the work: basic level, extended level, work in industrial, medical, radiological areas (handle the radiation source independently, or who supervise such work positions); comprehensive level.

Order of radiation protection training Acquisition of radiation protection knowleadge shall be ensured within the framework of training and upgrading training (every five years) Subject to written and oral examination The art.8 asseses that: Only such persons might perform activities with IR who have taken part in the radiation protection training and further training and who have successfully passed the examination. Any activity might be performed under supervision of a qualified person in accordance with the characteristics of the activity prior passing the examination, however, for a maximum of one year. Előir-order, assess, lay on

Licensing procedure What is need license, when we use to x-ray equipment in Hungary? X-ray equipment for operation only by Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority license What needs of the Authority? Radiation Protection Description Workplace Radiation Protection Rules

Radiation Protection Description include: the organizational (dentistry) structure of the workplace technological description of the activity, optimization criteria, Workplace layout (where is the equipment) Certification standards,

Radiation Protection Description the quality control program, operator dose number of employees the risk of accidents type of equipment and the type of Marketing Authorisation (type quality certificate)

Marketing Authorisation (type quality certificate) Any equipment used in the field of the application of atomic energy may only be used if it has been licensed as being suitable from radiation protection point of view and has issued a Marketing Authorisation (HAEA). technical specifications Hungarian-language user's manual how much the patient dose declartion of conformity

Workplace Radiation Protection Rules include: a radiation protection officer name, contact information, job title, the tasks of the heads of facility, technical description of the radiologically hazardous activities, a description of the hazardous working area, the classification of the workers, the requirements related to monitoring of the internal and external radiation doses of the workers, the rights and obligations of workers working in radiation hazardous workplaces, an emergency prevention and action plan.

Basic requirements of the workplace radiation protection radiation protection officer tasks of Radiation protection officer and one deputy, appointed by the employer in writing; Working with radiation in accordance with applicable regulations, Informing the employees, the organization of education and access to education records, organizing and keeping the register of medical examination equipment out inspections and measurements, method and frequency of implementation,

Monitoring radiation doses Workers of radiation hazardous workplaces shall divided into two categories from the point of view of the monitoring of their radiation doses. Workers classified in group "A" are those in the case of which the possibility exists that their annual effective dose might exceed the value of 6 mSv, or 3/10 of any of the organ dose limits. All other workers shall be classified in group "B".

Dosimetry of workers The personnel dosimetry monitoring of the radiation doses originating from external sources is compulsory in the case of workers classified in group “A”. A National Personal Dosimetry Service and Registry is operated at the NRIRR. The external doses were evaluated by TLD is used. Dosimeters are distributed to about 16413 people working at about 1300 institutions (about 58% of them in healthcare, 27% in the nuclear energy production). All data are recorded and preserved when the dose at a single reading exceeds 0.1 mSv.

Working areas classification and monitoring Controlled area shall be defined as the working area where the year due to the activities of individual exposure may exceed 1 mSv effective dose. need to mark the entrance of the radiation hazard symbol and inscription, Supervised area Special radiation protection and safety rules don't need regular conditions.

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