Unit 2 Drug Use Drug Misuse Drug Abuse

What is the difference between medicines & drugs? Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions. Drugs are substances other than food that changes the structure or function of the body or mind. Drugs are stimulating in nature and substance and have a high potential to be addicting. *All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines!

Functions of Medicines and Drugs: Help prevent disease Ex: vaccines Fight pathogens Ex: antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral Relieve pain and other symptoms Ex: Analgesics (anti inflammatory & opiods), antihistamines Manage chronic conditions, restore health, and regulates body’s systems Ex: asthma medications, and blood pressure medications, cancer medications, antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications

7 Categories of Drugs: Natural Remedies Ex: acupuncture, herbal medicines, yoga, meditation OTC (Over the counter)Ex: Ibuprofen, Aspirin, acetaminophen Prescription Ex: Claritin, Prozac, Xanax, Oxycontin, etc. Tobacco Products Ex: cigarettes and smokeless tobacco Alcohol Ex: beer, liquor, wine, etc. Illegal Ex: marijuana, heroin, etc. Unrecognized Ex: caffeine or inhalants

How Drugs are Administered Medicines can be delivered to the body in many ways: Oral (by mouth- tablets, capsules, liquids) Topical (applied to the skin – lotion, patch, cream, jel) Inhaled (by nose or mouth- mist or powder) The fastest way medicine is taken for the body to respond is? INJECTION (shots)

Reactions to medications Side effects – reactions to medicine other than the one intended. Medicine Interactions Additive interaction – the interaction of two or more medicines with the sum being equal to their separate effects. Ex: NSAIDS (ibuprofen/aspirin) & simple analgesic (acetaminophen) 1 + 1 = 2 Synergistic effect – the interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect. Ex :depressant & alcohol or aspirin & warfarin 1 + 1 = 6 Antagonistic interaction – the interaction of two or more medicines where the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced Ex: cocaine & heroin or caffeine & alcohol 1 +1 = 0

People take drugs in 3 different ways: Drug Use Drug Misuse Drug Abuse

Drug Use Taking medicine properly and its correct dosage Example: following directions from your Dr.’s prescription

Drug Misuse Using a medicine in ways other than the intended use. Examples: Taking the wrong amount accidently Taking twice as much to make you feel better Stop taking it too soon Taking medicine prescribed to someone else to feel better

Drug Abuse Intentionally taking medication for nonmedical reasons Examples: Taking a medicine that is legal to get high or drunk Using it to lose weight Using illegal drugs Using it underaged

Drug Classes OTC Prescription Stimulants Depressants Opiates/Narcotics Hallucinogens Marijuana Club/Designer Inahalents Performance Enhancers

Common OTC analgesic medicine: Standard Medicines Over-the-counter – medicines you can buy without a doctor’s prescription 1. OTC: Common OTC analgesic medicine: Aspirin - Bayer Acetaminophen – Tylenol or Midol Ibuprofen – Advil or Motrin Naproxen sodium - Aleve * Some OTC medicines are controlled

Example of an OTC controlled? Cold medications that contains an ingredient pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine must be kept behind the pharmacy counter. These medications are used to make highly addictive, illegal drugs - METH

Reye’s Syndrome A condition that can cause liver and brain swelling associated with the use of Aspirin by children and adolescents. Follows the onset of a viral infection such as the flu or chicken pox. Symptoms and signs include confusion, weakness, decreased consciousness, and seizures. Seek medical attention if any of these signs/symptoms are observed.

Prescription Drugs Medicines that are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or nurse practitioner. A prescription always has a required dose What is dose? The exact amount of a drug. Commonly Prescribed drugs: Atorvastatin (Lipitor) – cholesterol Zolpidem (Ambien) - insomnia Alprazolam (Xanax) - anxiety Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (Adderall)- hyperactivity Oxycodone (Oxycontin) – severe pain

How drugs affect your health Physically Overdose: a serious, sometime fatal reaction to a large dose of a drug Tolerance: reaction to the drug is reduced over time Mentally Flashback: an unexpected return to an unpleasant LSD experience, often months after the original experiences ended. Unsure of the cause. Addiction: A psychological/physiological dependence of a drug.

Illicit Drug Use selling, using or purchasing of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted A sign of drug abuse is Dilated Pupils, glazed eyes, weight loss/gain, physical appearance changes Symptoms include behavior changes, risks taking, relationship problems, reduced inhibition, paranoia, mood swings A sense of great well being and pleasure brought on by some drugs, also called the “HIGH” Euphoria

Performance Enhancers Psychoactive drugs Psychoactive Drugs: chemicals that affect the CNS and alter activity in the brain Stimulants Depressants Opiates (narcotics) Hallucinogens Marijuana Club/Designer Drugs Inhalants Performance Enhancers

Stimulants drugs that speed up the CNS. 1. Cocaine – Illegal. Inhaled (through nose) or diluted and injected “Coke” “Snow” 2. Crack – Illegal. Free base form of cocaine that is heated and smoked. “Rock” 3. Amphetamine – Legal with prescription to treat ADHD. Pill form. “Road Dope” 4. Methamphetamine – Legal with prescription to treat obesity. Can be swallowed, inhaled, smoked or injected. “Meth” “Speed” Increase heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, depression, paranoia, injury, heart failure, coma, and death.

Depressants known as a sedative, drugs that tend to slow the CNS. 1. Tranquilizers – Legal with prescription used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Orally in pill or capsule form. “Bennies” 2. Barbiturates – Legal with prescription to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Orally in pill form or injected. “Downers” “Barbs” 3. Benzodiazepines – Legal with prescription to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Orally in pill form or injected. “Benzos” “BZDs” “Goof Balls” Slow heart rate and respiration rate, lower blood pressure, respiratory failure, coma, and death.

Opiates/Narcotics Drugs such as those synthesized from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain. Heroin – Illegal. Injected, smoked, or sniffed. “Dope” “Smack” 2. Morphine – Legal with prescription for pain relief. Injected or taken orally in tablet form, crushed up and inhaled, or diluted and injected. “TNT” 3. Codeine – Legal with prescription for pain relief. Injected or taken orally in tablet form, crushed up and inhaled, or diluted and injected. “Cody” “School Boy” 4. Oxycodone (OxyContin) – Legal with prescription for pain relief. Taken orally in tablet form, crushed up and inhaled, or diluted and injected. “Drug Store Heroin” “Oxycotton” Slow/shallow breathing, constipation, low blood pressure, seizures, respiratory failure, coma, and death.

Hallucinogens Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and scene perception, including vision, hearing, smell and touch. PCP (Phencyclidine)- Illegal. Liquid, powder, or pill form. “Angle dust” “peter pan” “lethal weapon” 2. LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide)– Manufactored from fungus that grows on rye or grains. Capsule or absorbent paper (tabs). Illegal. “Acid” 3. Mescaline (psychedelic alkaloid)- Illegal. Found in Peyote Cactus or synthetically in pill form. “Buttons” Increase heart rate and respiration rate, flashbacks, mood changes, heart and respiratory failure, coma, and death.

Marijuana A plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are smoked or taken orally for their intoxicating effects. Most widely used illegal drug. ST Memory Loss, Anexiety, CV Problems, Impaired coordinatin/reaction time, Halluncinations “weed” “dope” “ganga” “Mary Jane” “pot” Marijuana – illegal. THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) is the psychoactive ingredient.

Club/Designer Drugs Synthetic drug that are similar in chemistry to certain illegal drugs. “Designer Drugs” 1. GHB – illegal “Date Rape” “Liquid Ecstacy” GHB = Gamma hydroxybutyric acid 2. Rohypnol – illegal “Rophies” 3. Ketamine – illegal “Special K” “Vitamin K” 4. Ecstasy – illegal “Rave or party drug” MDMA = 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine “Molly” “Candy” Mood changes, heart and respiratory failure, accidental injury, coma, and death.

Inhalants Huffing (inhaling) household products for the effects (high). Household products – such as glue, gasoline, nail polish remover, lighter fluid, aerosols, bleach, spray paint, etc. Can cause hallucinations, depression, loss of coordination, hypoxia leading to damaged organs, central nervous system, brain cells

Performance Enhancers Drugs used for increase of physical appearance or performance. Injected or taken orally in pill or capsule form. Anabolic-Androgenic Steriods – Synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones. Anabolic (muscle building). Androgenic (increased male characteristics). Cardiovascular health problems, mood swings, liver/kidney problems. Males- testicular atrophy, development of breast, baldness, low sperm count. Females- facial hair, deepened voice, menstrual cycle changes Stimulants- ephedrine (legal speed) Ergogenic Aids- Creatine (ATP production) Blood Doping- Erythropoietin (stimulate red blood cell production)