Pronoun- Is, Ea, Id Translation- - 3rd person pronoun (he, she, they, it, him, her) - that/those (man, woman, thing, etc) Number Singular Plural Gender Case Masculine Feminine Neuter nominative is ea id eī, iī eae genitive eius eōrum eārum dative eī eīs, iīs accusative eum eam eōs eās ablative eō eā eīs. iīs

Demonstrative Adjective - Hic, Haec, Hoc Translation- This or These [man, woman, thing, etc] Normally close to the speaker Number Singular Plural Gender Case Masculine Feminine Neuter nominative hic haec hoc This Of this To/for this Prep + this hi hae genitive huius horum harum dative huic his accusative hunc hanc hos has ablative hac

Demonstrative Adjective - ille, illa, illud Translation- That or Those [man, woman, thing, etc] Normally away from the speaker and audience Number Singular Plural Gender Case Masculine Feminine Neuter nominative ille illa illud That Of that To/for that Prep + that illi illae genitive illius illorum illarum dative illis accusative illum illam illos illas ablative illo

Pronominal Adjective - Alius, Alia, Aliud Translation- Other, another or else Sidenote: the genitive sing is rare. Use alterius instead. Number Singular Plural Gender Case Masculine Feminine Neuter nominative alius alia aliud alii aliae genitive aliorum aliarum dative aliis accusative alium aliam alios alias ablative alio

Relative Pronoun - Qui, Quae, Quod Translation- Who, whom, whose (what, that), or which – Context Matters! Slightly different forms when used with questions in the nominative Interrogative Nominative – Quis, Quae/Quis, Quid Number Singular Plural Gender Case Masculine Feminine Neuter nominative qui quae quod genitive cuius quorum quarum dative cui quibus accusative quem quam quos quas ablative quo qua

Tabernarius -i Nouns Taberna, -ae Tavern - Shop - 1st Fem - Shopkeeper - 2nd Masc

Ornamentum -i Margarita -ae Nouns Gemma -ae Gem Jewel - 1st Fem - 2nd Neut - Pearl - 1st Fem

Digitus -i Linea -ae Collum -i Nouns Anulus -i Ring 2nd Masc collar Finger Toe Digit - 2nd Masc String Line in geometry 1st Fem Collum -i Neck 2nd Neut collar

Sestertius -i Nouns Pretium -i Price Cost 2nd Neut Literally: half (semis) a third (tertius) A coin issued mostly during the Roman Empire’s height 1st century BC – 3rd century AD Alloy composition changed with the centuries from silver to brass - 2nd masc

Medius -a -um Gemmatus -a -um Quartus -a -um Adjectives Pecuniosus - Wealthy Medius -a -um - Middle Gemmatus -a -um - Adorned with gems Quartus -a -um - Fourth - Quart, quarter

Consistit Emit Aspicit Verbs Vendit consistent Caveat Emptor Sells Vends Vendo, Vendere Consistit Stops, pauses Stands Continues Consisto, consistere Vendor Emit consistent Caveat Emptor Buyer Beware Buys Purchases Emo, emere Aspicit Looks at Catches sight of Examines Aspicio, aspicere Your first 3rd –io!

Ornat Accipit Clamat Verbs Abit - Goes away, departs - Ab + eo, ire Adorn Furnish Decorate Orno, ornare Accipit Receive Accept Accipio, Accipere Your second 3rd –io! Clamat Cries out, clamors Shouts Clamo, clamare

Convenit Constat Monstrat Verbs Demonstrate Convention Show, indicate Monstro, monstrare Demonstrate Verbs Convene Meet together Convenio, convenire Convenit Constat Convention Cost Corresponds Stands with Agrees Consto, constare

Quantus –a –um Satis Nimis Adjectives Tantus –a –um Adverb Quantity So much So great Of such size Don’t confuse with tantum = only “Sum tantus!” Quantus –a –um Satis How much How many How large - Enough - Indeclinable! Nimis Satisfy Quantity Too Too much Excessively Adverb

Aut Or Pronomen -is Conjunction Grammar Term Pronoun - Neut 3rd Literally: On behalf of a name