The 13 English Colonies Chapter 4

Section 1 New England Colonies

I. Puritans Leave England Puritans left England for Massachusetts during 1630 Looking to reform Church not separate from it. Wanted a more simple form of worship Do away with things inherited from Catholic church ( Finely decorated houses of worship, organ music and special clothing for priests) C. Powerful group in England many were small farmers Were well educated merchants and landowners Charles I disapproved of the Puritans

II. Massachusetts 1629 Puritan leaders persuaded royals for a charter to the Massachusetts Bay area. Wanted to set up a colony and society based on biblical laws and teaching (example in the new world) Eldest son in England inherited land. So, Younger sons would move to Mass Bay area for cheap land Chance to start a business

E. Governing the Colony 1630 John Winthrop and 1000 settlers arrived. Winthrop was first governor All men who were church members could vote. (stockholders) Elected governor and representatives to the Great Court. 1630-1640 the colony prospered. 15,000 men, women and children made the journey. ( Great Migration)

III. Connecticut Puritan leaders did not like anyone to question their religion or form of government. Forced colonists to leave Thomas Hooker led 100 settlers out to the Connecticut River and built the town of Hartford Hooker believed the government and church officials had too much power. D. Hooker and other settlers wrote a plan called Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639

E. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1. Set up like that of the government of Massachusetts with two differences All men could vote as long as they owned property, even if they were not members of the church Limited the governor’s power 2. Expanded the idea of representative government

IV. Rhode Island Roger Williams, a young minister in Salem, challenged the leaders of Mass. believed Puritan church had too much power Williams‘s view was the business of church and state should be separate. Thought political affairs would corrupt the church State should only maintain order and peace

C. Religious Tolerance Williams felt the Puritan leaders should not force none puritans to go to religious services. He believed in religious tolerance. a) Religious tolerance is a willingness to let others practice their own beliefs. Williams allowed for everyone to worship freely a) Protestants, Catholics, and Jews

D. Anne Hutchinson Devout Puritan who was forced to leave Mass. She and friends would discuss the minister’s sermon after church. Church leaders grew angry. Said Hutchinson’s views were in error Women had no right to explain God’s law Hutchinson was called to trial. They found that she broke no Puritan laws. She claimed God spoke to her directly.

V. New Hampshire Trading and fishing villages lived friendly with Indians at first. 1670- nearly 45,000 settlers had taken over a great amount of Indian land. 1675- a large fight between Indian groups and New England colonies started. Metacom, King Phillip, chief of the Wampanoag attacked villages throughout New England.

VI. Life in New England A. Religion and Family Took Sabbath (Holy Day) serious Could not play games Could not visit taverns to joke, talk, or drink Law required every citizen to attend church (lasted all day) 2. Women on one side men on the other Indians and slave stood in balcony Children had separate pews where an adult watched over them.

B. Government Town meetings- settlers discussed and voted on many issues Puritan laws were strict a) 15 crimes had the death penalty, one of which was witchcraft. 1692 Puritans in Salem burned 20 men and women as witches.

C. Economy Rocky soil was poor for farming Hunted deer and turkey Indians taught them how to grow corn, squash, pumpkins, and beans. Hunted deer and turkey Cut down trees and turned it into lumber Fished for cod and halibut Hunted whales for its blubber and bones