INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY MOHAMED BORGHAN, PhD

CONTENT OVERVIEW SECTION I: FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY SECTION II: IMMUNOLOGY SECTION III: BACTERIOLOGY SECTION IV: VIROLOGY SECTION V: MYCOLOGY SECTION VI: PARASITOLOGY SECTION VII: DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY BIOL343 - FALL 2011 - M. BORGHAN

SECTION I: FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY The Science of Microbiology Cell Structure Classification of Bacteria The Growth, Survival & Death of Microorganisms Cultivation of Microorganisms Microbial Metabolism Microbial Genetics

SECTION II: IMMUNOLOGY Immunity & the Immune Response Mechanisms of Innate Immunity Mechanisms of Specific Host Defense Antigen Recognition Molecules Antibodies Cell Surface Receptors for Antigens Antibody-Mediated (Humoral) Immunity The Complement System Cell-Mediated Immunity Cytokines Hypersensitivity Inadequate Immune responses to Infectious Agents

SECTION II: BACTERIOLOGY Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections Normal Human Microbiota Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli Aerobic Nonspore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli The Staphylococci The Streptococci Enteric Gram-Negative Rods (Enterobacteriaceae) Pseudomonads, Acinetobacters & Uncommon Gram-Negative Bacteria Vibrios, Campylobacters, Helicobacter & Associated Bacteria Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella & Francisella Yersinia & Pasteurella The Neisseriae Infections caused by Anaerobic Bacteria Legionellae, Bartonella & Unusual Bacterial Pathogens Mycobacteria Spirochetes & Other Spiral Microorganisms Mycoplasmas & Cell Wall-Defective Bacteria Rickettsia & Ehrlichia Chlamydiae Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

SECTION IV: VIROLOGY Reoviruses, Rotaviruses & Calicoviruses Arthropod-Borne & Rodent-Borne Viral Diseases Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza Viruses) Paramyxoviruses & Rubella Virus Coronaviruses Rabies, Slow Virus Infections & Prion Diseases Human Cancer Viruses AIDS & Lentiviruses General Properties of Viruses Pathogenesis & Control of Viral Diseases Parvoviruses Adenoviruses Herpesviruses Poxviruses Hepatitis Viruses Picornaviruses (Enterovirus & Rhinovirus Group)

SECTION I: FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY The Science of Microbiology Cell Structure Classification of Bacteria The Growth, Survival & Death of Microorganisms Cultivation of Microorganisms Microbial Metabolism Microbial Genetics

The Science of Microbiology Introduction Biologic Principles Illustrated by Microbiology Viruses Prions Prokaryotes Protists

The Science of Microbiology Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms Microorganisms exist as single cells (unicellular) and cell clusters (multicellular About 5 x 1030 microbial cells exist on earth More than 90% of the cells in human body are microbes Microorganisms are important for life.

The Science of Microbiology Biologic Principles Illustrated by Microbiology Symbiosis  Relationship between two different organisms that operates to the benefit of both organisms Parasitism  Relationship between two different organisms that operates to the benefit of one organism Evolution  Change in inherited traits over time due to natural selection Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes  biologic division of organisms based on presence of nuclear membrane

The Science of Microbiology Viruses Acellular  Lack metabolic machinery and replication ability Intracellular parasites  completely dependent on host cell machinery for reproduction Universal pathogens  Infect all cells Highly diverse  Can infect different cells and possess many strategies for replication and survival Unique genomes  either RNA or DNA Simple structure  nucleic acid enclosed in protein coat; sometimes wrapped with lipid envelope. Hijackers  Redirect host cell machinery to complete virus replication cycle.

The Science of Microbiology Prions Protein molecules with infectious nature Not foreign protein but abnormal isoform of cell protein Prion diseases include Scrapie, Kuru and Mad Cow Disease.

The Science of Microbiology Prokaryotes Are characterized by their small size and absence of nuclear membrane Have single, circular DNA chromosome, which is located in a specialized region called nucleoid