Do Now: How do you personally envision a barbarian? Aim: How did Germanic tribes divide Western Europe into small kingdoms? Do Now: How do you personally envision a barbarian? Big Ideas: Europe’s unique geography shaped different cultures and societies in the north, south and center. The early spread of Christianity throughout the continent would lay the foundations for much of European culture and society for the next 1000 years. For hundreds of years large parts of Europe had no powerful governments ruling them. This greatly affected how people lived and the kinds of societies they organized.

Geography Europe Location: Relatively small Eurasia Resources: ‘Frontier Land’ Europe had potential! Dense forests Rich earth Mineral resources Seas = food/transportation Rivers = trade

The Early Middle Ages c. 500-1000 After the collapse of Rome, Western Europe entered a period of social, political & economic decline. Largely cut off from advanced civilizations in the Middle East, China & India. Do you think that other civilizations used the same term for that period? Why or why not? Medieval = Latin word for “middle age” Dark Ages or not? “Dark Ages” Period of intellectual darkness that occurred in Europe following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire

Rise of Germanic Kingdoms Germanic Tribes = conquered Roman empire Goths, Vandals, Saxons, Franks Who stops the invaders? Clovis = King of the Franks, preserved Roman legacy, Christianity Charles Martel = rallied Frankish warriors & pushed Muslims out of “France” @ Battle of Tours What would have happened if Charles Martel was not successful at the Battle of Tours?

Charlemagne 786 = King of the Franks Briefly united Western Europe, built an empire across France, Italy and Germany Revival of learning 814 – Died -> empire split in 3 New wave of invasions (Vikings, Magyars, Muslims) People needed protection - feudalism

Game of Thrones 1. If you had to describe the clip in one word, what would it be? 2. What does this clip foreshadow about life during the Middle Ages?

Let’s Summarize! Based on today’s lesson and your introduction to the Middle Ages, do you believe the Medieval Era was a period of darkness?

Aim: How did feudalism and the manor economy emerge and shape medieval life? Do Now: Describe loyalty, and describe a situation in which it is important for someone to be loyal.

Experiencing European feudalism

Feudalism Feudalism = a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords. Vassals – lesser lords Feudalism was born out of: 1. necessity to protect against invasion and 2. landowners need for defense Society was very strictly organized with rulers and ruled knowing their place. System provided military defense AND food.

SOCIAL Hierarchy Oaths of Fealty (Allegiance) – feudal contract Feudal contract – exchange of pledges established by custom and tradition Exchange of land for loyalty and military services Chivalry – code of conduct for knights

Fief = estate Heidelberg, Germany

Medieval Castles = Manors

Le Mont-Saint-Michel Normandy, France

Manorialism: the economic base of feudalism *Manors are SELF-SUFFICIENT Manorialism = economic base, what part of civilization did feudalism provide? What is another way of saying agriculture? Who on the feudal hierarchy would be responsible for this agriculture? Explain.

Peasant life Life is extremely harsh for peasants SERFS = peasants bound to the land *Not slaves Life is extremely harsh for peasants

Essay Writing 101 How to Write an introduction… Reflection on First Civ. Exams Intro. Formula for Success Let’s try it. Based on today’s lesson and your introduction to the Middle Ages, do you believe the Medieval Era was a period of darkness? HOOK Transition Background Thesis

Aim: How did the Church shape Medieval life? Do Now: Who is this man? What do you know about him?

Christianity in the Middle Ages

I. Ways of Expansion Missionaries = People who try to convert others to a particular religion. Many sent by the Pope.

Monks/Nuns: Religious men/women who lived apart from society in isolated communities. (Monasteries & convents) Opened schools, hospitals & housing for the sick and poor. St. Benedict: 530 Set of rules to regulate monastic life Three vows: obedience, poverty & chastity

II. Church Keeps Order Collected taxes from the people Took care of people and orphans Church had its own laws and courts. Excommunicated those that did not obey. Pope became very powerful, more powerful than kings.

III. Church Preserves Knowledge Collapse of R.E. = books were burned, libraries destroyed, scholars killed People forgot how to read and write, very little was written down. Science, philosophy, and literature disappeared. Clergy = only people who were educated and literate Monks preserved and copied down Greek and Roman books by hand.

IV. Church Supports Culture & Art ALL art and culture was sponsored and supported by the Catholic Church. Art & Architecture was a way of teaching Christian ideas to the illiterate. Church built cathedrals Church became recreation center at times.

V. Church Supports Education Church set up schools Main purpose was to train young people to become priests and other church officials.

Innocent II Gregory IX Stephen VI The Popes (157)

Turn & Talk Should the Church have this much power and influence over daily life?

Independent Reading Activity QUIETLY!!!!! read AND annotate the Christianity in the Middle Ages handout. Then, complete graphic organizer.

Exit: Based on today’s lesson and your introduction to the Middle Ages, do you believe the Medieval Era was a period of darkness? Is there a better title?

AIM: How did changes in agriculture and trade lead to the growth of towns and commerce? The Dark Ages Age of Feudalism Age of Faith Golden Age Do Now: Think back to the previous classes and the unit we began on the Middle Ages. What information could you put in each portion of the chart to support the title for the Middle Ages?

The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales is the world's weirdest road trip! It tells the story of a group of pilgrims (fancy word for travelers) on their way to Canterbury, who engage in a tale-telling contest to pass the time. *What does the prologue of The Canterbury Tales tell us about the changes that happen in the middle of Medieval Times?

The Commercial Revolution Changes in Europe = 1000 -Set foundation for economic prosperity Peasants adopted new farming technologies Agricultural Revolution (Iron Plows) Led to: Production & Population Growth Revival of Travel & Trade Commercial Revolution Rise of the Middle Class Improved Town & City Life

Vocabulary Charter – written document set out the rights and privileges of the town Capital – money for investment Partnerships – groups of merchants joined together Tenant farmers – paid rent for their land Middle class – ranked between nobles and peasants Guilds – merchants and artisans formed associations Apprentice – trainee Journeymen – salaried workers

Create a Medieval Town Use your phones and class resources to help you research the different elements of medieval towns and cities and create a new town that needs to get approved by the Lord of the realm. One member of each group, at random, will be asked to give a presentation for approval.

Exit: Based on today’s lesson and your introduction to the Middle Ages, do you believe the Medieval Era was a period of darkness? Is there a better title?