Progressive Era and US Expansion Unit 6 US History Mrs. McClary Progressive Era and US Expansion

Progressive reforms

Periods of reform usually follow a time of rapid change. True False

Progressive Reformers Early 1900s Progressive Movement: aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American Life Had four main goals: Protecting social welfare Promoting moral improvement Creating economic reform Fostering efficiency

Social Reforms Social Gospel Movement preached salvation through service to the poor Many focused on the poor in urban communities Settlement Houses: community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area Most settlement houses were in immigrant communities

Social Reforms Settlement houses mostly ran by middle-class, college education, white women Taught English, provided healthcare, and promoted education Jane Addams founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889 Addams would win the Nobel Peace Prize for her work with the poor

Jane Addams and the Hull House

John D. Rockefeller owned and operated the Standard Oil Company. True False

Industrial Reform Muckrakers: investigative reporters who uncovered corruption in the early 20th century Ida Tarbell wrote “The History of the Standard Oil Company” which showed how Rockefeller had created a monopoly by his ruthless tactics Gained support for the movement to reform government and business

Industrial Reform Upton Sinclair wrote the novel, “The Jungle” which focused on the living and working conditions of immigrants in Chicago’s meat packing industry The novel describes the horrible conditions of the meatpacking industry President Theodore Roosevelt read the book and invited Sinclair to the White House to discuss ways to correct the problems

The Jungle

In 1906, Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. Both laws were in response to industry practices exposed by… muckrakers Political machines Corrupt politicians Company presidents [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Industrial Reform Progressive Reformers pushed to limit child labor. Supreme Court ruled on cases that limited the work day for men and women and provided benefits for workers and their families if they were hurt or killed on the job.

Child Labor

Political Reforms Initiative: a bill originated by the people rather than by lawmakers Referendum: allowed the people to vote on the initiative instead of the legislature Recall: enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term

Political Reforms Direct Election of Senators: prior to 1913, the state legislatures chose Senators This put more power in the hands of party bosses and wealthy corporations 17th Amendment made the direct election of Senators the law Now the people of the state choose their Senators

The 17th Amendment calls for the election of US Senators by… The people State legislators Only other senators Registered Progressives [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Discrimination in an era of reform

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Homer Plessy had taken a seat on a “whites only” train car and refused to move. He was arrested, tried, and convicted of breaking Louisiana’s segregation law. Supreme Court decided that segregation was legal as long as accommodations were “separate but equal” This decision drastically increased the number of segregation laws in the South

Plessy v. Ferguson made it illegal for states to enforce segregation laws. True False

Segregation and Discrimination Jim Crow Laws: named after a racist song, these laws forced discrimination and segregation on African Americans Poll taxes and the grandfather clause kept African Americans from voting Segregation was put into effect in schools, hospitals, parks, and transportation systems throughout the South

The “Grandfather Clause” stated that African Americans could not vote if their grandfather had been a slave. True False

Jim Crow Laws

NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was formed in 1909 It’s goal was nothing less than full equality among the races The Progressive Movement did little to help African Americans because it focused mainly on middle-class whites

US Expansionism

Expanding the US: Early 1900s Many Americans wanted to create an empire that included many different countries around the world Three factors fueled this belief: Desire for military strength Thirst for new markets Belief in cultural superiority

Late 19th century and early 20th century American imperialism can be explained as… Desire to profit from involvement in other countries Working to maintain balance of power in the Western Hemisphere Little interest in expanding American influence Lack of concern for expanding American military power [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

American Imperialism in Hawaii Imperialism: practice by which a foreign power extends political and economic influence or control over another country. US troops helped white plantation owners overthrow the native Queen of Hawaii. Hawaii was annexed in 1898 and became a state in 1959.

Spanish-American War 1898 Tensions had risen between Spain and the US over Cuba. US wanted to purchase Cuba but Spain declined the offer. President McKinley sent the USS Maine to Cuba to bring home US citizens he felt were in danger The USS Maine blew up in the harbor of Havana killing more than 260 Americans. American newspapers blamed the explosion on the Spaniards

Spanish-American War 1898 April 20th 1898 Congress declared war on Spain Most thought the first battle would take place in Cuba but it took place in another Spanish colony, the Philippines. Fighting also occurred in Cuba and Puerto Rico The war would only last for 15 weeks

Which event sparked the Spanish-American War? The sinking of the USS Maine Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Building the Panama Canal Platt Amendment [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Spanish-American War 1898 The Treaty of Paris 1898 would end the war. The US would get the islands of Guam and Puerto Rico from the Spanish. They would also purchase the Philippines for $20 million. The treaty also forced Spain to give Cuba its independence Many disagreed with the take-over of the Philippines but Congress ratified the treaty.

What canal links the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans? Erie Canal Mississippi Canal Panama Canal Gulf of Mexico [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Panama Canal President Theodore Roosevelt and others wanted a canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Central America was an ideal location The US chose Panama as the site to build the canal US had to get permission from Colombia because they ruled Panama at the time

Panama Canal Negotiations with Colombia broke down US helped Panama win its independence from Colombia Work began in 1904 and the canal was completed in 1914 It cost the US $380 million and more than 5,600 workers died while building the canal The US paid Panama $10 million plus $250,000 of yearly rent

Roosevelt Corollary Theodore Roosevelt was determined to make the US the dominant power in Central and South American (Latin America) Monroe Doctrine had demanded European countries stay out of Latin America affairs Roosevelt added that the US would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America. This is known as the Roosevelt Corollary.

Many Latin American countries were nervous about the Roosevelt Corollary due to the US involvement in the Mexican-American War and the Spanish-American War. True False