Chapter 27 “The Path of Empire”

Previous American foreign policy Isolationism Neutrality

Imperialism a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force Colonizing

Causes of Imperialism

Causes of Imperialism 1. Economic 2. Military 3. Ideology

Economic Lots of goods produced Need to customers Need more room for factories

Military Strong countries had strong navies Needed bases refueling and repairing ships

Ideology Ideology= belief Nationalism- wanted to expand their country Cultural superiority Christianity

Hawaii

Early Hawaiian history: Late 1700s: 8 major islands united under a monarch King Kamehameha

Americans in Hawaii 1820s: Diseases: Traders Missionaries Population of HI: 300,000 to 40,000

Reasons US wanted HI: 1. Ideology 2. Military 3. Economy

Ideology Wanted to “civilize” Hawaiians Wanted to “Christianize” Hawaiians

Military Naval base:

Economic Sugar plantations Pineapple plantations

Economic motives Businessmen in HI formed the Hawaiian League: Forced King of HI to sign the Bayonet Constitution Restricted rights of the King, gave more power to Americans Took away Hawaiians political rights

America takes HI 1891: King dies, Queen Liliuokalani takes the throne Nationalist Restore HI’s monarchy Get rid of Am. influence

America takes HI American minister to HI orders 4 boatloads of US Marines to surround Queen Lil’s palace Lil surrendered in 1893 Sanford B. Dole is voted President of the new Hawaii

Sanford Dole

Dole 1930s: Dole produces 90% of the world’s pineapple

Hawaii  State 1893: Dole becomes President 1893-1898: US refuses to recognize HI 1898: US annexes HI 1959: US becomes a state 1993: Congress apologizes to Hawaii

Cuba

Cuba colonized by Spain Start a revolution in 1895 (insurrectos) Burned sugarcane fields hoping Spain would leave Spanish put Cubans in “reconstruction” or “reconcentration camps”

America supports insurrectos Traded extensively with Cuba Supports revolution in 1896

Yellow journalism William Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer Articles condemning Spain, supporting Cubans

USS Maine February 15, 1898 American ship blew up in Havana port Spain claimed it was an accident, lots of Americans thought Spain had attacked

Moving to war: Spain tries to avoid war: Stops reconcentration camps Makes peace with Cubans McKinley didn’t want war, Americans did War declared April 11, 1898 Teller Amendment: when US beat Spain, Cubans would be free

The Philippines

Spain controlled Philippines America attacks there first, wins

Cuba Rough Riders (Teddy Roosevelt)

Puerto Rico Also controlled by Spain Also taken by the US

April 12, 1898 Spain signs treaty with US During war: Lasts 113 days More Americans died from malaria, typhoid, and yellow fever than bullets

Treaty of Paris 1898 Americans got Guam and Puerto Rico Paid Spain $20 million for Philippines

Anti-Imperialist League Protested treaty

Puerto Rico Foraker Act 1900: gave Puerto Ricans a little freedom 1901: Insular Cases: Supreme Court said Constitution doesn’t apply to all places the US controls 1917: granted US citizenship

Cuba 1902: US withdrew, honoring the Platt Teller Amendment Platt Amendment: forced Cubans to write a Constitution favorable to the US

Effects of the War America expanded Increased American “prestige” across the world Bonding b/w north and south w/in America