Compare and contrast matter and energy QOD

A food chain is a one way transfer of energy e.g., plant to insect to mouse to snake to bird, etc… The different steps or links in a food chain are called trophic levels. Trophic level: a step in a food chain or food web.

Since producers capture energy and create organic material, they are on the 1st trophic level. However, not all of the energy captured by a producer is available to consumers at the higher trophic levels. Some of the energy is used up in the metabolic activities of the producer (respiration, growth, etc…) and leaves the ecosystem as heat.

Ecologists call this organic material biomass. Only the energy that is stored in organic material (leaves, seeds, fruits, stems, etc.) can be used by other organisms. Ecologists call this organic material biomass. Biomass: organic material that can be used as food.

How much energy is lost as it moves through a food chain from lower to higher trophic levels? 10% RULE: 90% of energy is used and lost as heat 10% is stored in biomass Energy is lost as it moves through a food chain

Because only 10 percent of the energy at one trophic level can move up to the next trophic level; there tends to be more biomass at lower trophic levels than at higher levels. (i.e., more grass than mice, more mice than snakes, more snakes than hawks, etc…)

copyright cmassengale Food Web What do the arrows show? copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Energy Pyramid Shaped like a pyramid because there is less energy at each level: Ten Percent Rule copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Biomass Pyramid Shows the actual mass of organisms at each trophic level copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Pyramid of Numbers Shows the number of individual organisms at each trophic level copyright cmassengale

Food Chain Game Start a new page in your notebook titled “Food Chain Game” Paste analysis question sheet in now Question 1 will be completed as homework

Food Chain Game You will be either a grasshopper, a frog, or a hawk. Popcorn will represent producers Grasshoppers try to eat popcorn plants by putting popcorn in your “stomach’ bag Frogs will eat grasshoppers by tagging them and taking their stomach bag (grasshopper leaves game) Hawks will eat frogs by tagging them and taking the frogs stomach (frog leaves game) Each round will last 5 minute or until all animals are eaten

Objective Create a balanced food chain! To survive, a grasshoppers stomach must be filled to the bottom of the tape, a frog must have 3 grasshopper stomachs, and a hawk must have at least one full frog stomach Animals with less than a full stomach at the end of the round is considered “starved to death” At least 2 grasshoppers, 2 frogs, and 1 hawk must be alive at the end of the round to produce a sustainable ecosystem

Food Chain Game First round= everyone split up evenly between groups After that you modify conditions to create balanced food chain READY!?

What are trophic levels What are trophic levels? Are there any limits to how many trophic levels can exist in a given food chain? Why/why not?

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