HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY FOOD CHAIN Femitech Production

Interacting with the Environment Everything around you is part of your environment. In the classroom you are surrounded by living and non- living things ( books, desks, teacher, other students, etc). The surroundings of an organism, composed of biotic and abiotic factors.

Biotic The living things in the environment Biotic The living things in the environment. Abiotic The non-living things in the environment. or example light, temperature, wind patterns, rocks, soil

Habitat The place that suits an organism and where it can live (we do not find fish living in tree) . Habitat must supply everything the organism needs for growth and reproduction. Habitats may be on land (terrestrial habitats) or in water (aquatic).

Living organisms need particular things in order to survive Living organisms need particular things in order to survive. They only in habitats where they can find these things. Tropical fish need warm, salty water, so they are found in habitats such as the Caribbean sea. Some of the biotic and abiotic components that organisms need in their habitats are: Sources of food Water Air Light Suitable temperature

Ecosystem This is a community of living organisms and physical environment. In an ecosystem, the living organisms (biotic elements) interact with each other and with the abiotic elements around them. In an ecosystem, each organism has its' own role to play

What is Food Chain ? The sequence by which energy passes from plant to animal and then to other animals. The feeding relationship between plants and animals.

Feeding is the process by which organisms obtain energy and raw materials for life processes. The arrows show the direction of energy flow from organism to organism in the ecosystem. The different stages of feeding in a food chain are called trophic levels.

Groups of living things in an ecosystem Feeding Relationships This is a good example of how living organisms in an ecosystem interact with each other. Groups of living things in an ecosystem 1.Producers These are organisms that make their own food. The producers are green plants in most terrestrial ecosystems, which make food by photosynthesis.

In aquatic ecosystems, water plants and green algae produce food by photosynthesis. Consumers Organisms that feed on other organisms. 2.Herbivores organisms that feed on plants only These are call primary consumers 3. Carnivores Animal that feed on other animal only They are call secondary consumers

4. Omnivores Animals that eat both plants and animals. They are call tertiary consumers. 5. Decomposers These include fungi and bacteria They obtain food by decomposing dead organic material and wastes. These organisms break down complex substances and release simple inorganic substances from dead organisms so that these can returned to the environment.

Energy Losses The sun provides plants with energy for photosynthesis. Each organism in the food chain uses some energy.

When food passed from one trophic level to the next, a lot of the energy is lost. Energy is loss by respiration, urine, faeces and undigested parts. There is less energy available the further you go along the chain.

Trophic Level This is the position an organism occupies in a food chain. The organism at first trophic level is the producer. Herbivores are found at the second trophic level.

Carnivores are normally found at the third trophic level. At the fourth trophic level a second carnivore is found.