Albert Fischer [and Vladimir Ryabinin, ES] IOC and GCOS Albert Fischer [and Vladimir Ryabinin, ES] Head, Ocean Observations and Services Section, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO GCOS SC-25, Hangzhou, 26 September 2017

Ocean integral in climate system 93% of excess heat Shallow 0-700 m 1971-2010 Deep Below 4000 m centered on 1992-2005 IPCC AR5

Ocean integral in climate system Acidification, deoxygenation Acidification in 2100 under moderate mitigation And business as usual

Ocean integral in climate system Impacts: sea level rise IPCC AR5

Ocean integral in climate system Ocean data for climate services

IOC/UNESCO within UN Focal point for ocean observations, science, services and data exchange Competent international organization for marine science (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea - UNCLOS) Small organization ~30 prof. staff $5.5 mil / yr core budget Within the UN system, the IOC serves as the focal point for ocean observations, ocean science, ocean services and data exchange. And the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea considers IOC to be the competent international organization for marine science

Planetary situation, elements of governance Planetary Crisis Anthropocene “-”: significant failures of governance, selfishness, increased hostility, reduced responsibility, lack of professionalism “+”: new UN SG, frameworks, a good community Agenda 2030 Climate Disaster Risk Reduction SIDS 7

Major frameworks and developments related to the ocean Conserve and Sustainably Use Oceans, Seas and Marine Resources for Sustainable Development SDG14 Ocean and Climate UN General Assembly Law of the Sea + development of BBNJ, IOC: CD, clearinghouse, science Blue Economy 8

Emerging contradiction between ocean governance and underlying science Future ocean governance will be more legally binding; increased surveillance will ensure more transparency; enforcement (e.g. in fishing) will be stronger and wider; expect major decisions regarding the ocean. At stake: peace, human wellbeing, health of environment, major investments Foundation for solutions: ocean science and observations Foundations for ocean science and observations: relatively arbitrary, non-binding, unsustainable, with relatively minor investment, mostly research-oriented Role of IOC: Work in UN, with Governments, private sector, public and create conditions for oceanographic activities

Milestones, past and future WOA-1: 2015/2016 WESTPAC 2017 Ocean SDG Conference, June 2017, c.a. 1400 Commitments Next one 2020: Portugal UN SG Ocean Envoy BBNJ Governmental Conference, 2018? WOA-2, 2017-2020 IPCC SROCC, up to 2019 OceanObs’19 UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development

Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, GCOS and all Partners will be invited to design the Decade Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, 2021-2030

IOC Executive Council (June 2016) approved the revised GCOS MoU

A value chain Innovation, observations, data management, forecasts / science & assessment, societal benefit Adapted from G7 Think Piece on Ocean Observations Sustained ocean observations are but one part of a value chain that generates societal benefit from oceanography. GOOS sits inside a value chain with two paths to generating societal benefit – one through more operational systems, and one through scientific research, publications, assessments, and science-policy dialogues and formal interfaces. We are aware that GOOS must engage with all the players in this value chain in order to ensure the system is fit-for-purpose and delivering maximum value from its observations.

IOC expectations of GCOS Framework for evaluation/communications of ocean observations (GOOS) in context, for climate monitoring, science, climate governance, climate services / adaptation / mitigation decisions engagement in a larger and broader value chain expertise and strength is in serving IPCC WG1 / UNFCCC a lot of IOC mechanisms at global and regional levels to engage Capacity development GCOS Cooperation Mechanism building on regional structures: including IOC Sub-Commissions, GOOS Regional Alliances, OceanTeacher Global Academy regional centers