AP US History Week 14

Objectives This Week 4.03 The Civil War (Quiz)dcxsf76y (Writing Assignment)

4.03 The Civil War Emancipation Proclamation Northern v Southern advantages Siege of Vicksburg Gettysburg Richmond-Petersburg

The Civil War Northern Advantages Population (22 million vs. 9 million) Manufacturing, railroads, and finances Southern Advantages Defending their land easier than invading Better generals

Causes of the Civil War Slavery Lincoln’s Election Economic differences between North and South State’s rights

Battles in the East First Battle of Bull Run, VA (1861)- Confederate victory Seven Days Campaign (Richmond VA, June-July 1862)- Confederate victory Second Bull Run, VA (Aug 1862)- Confederate Victory Antietam, MD (Sept 1862)- Union Victory Fredericksburg, VA (Dec 1862)- Confederate Victory

War in the West Major victories in Tennessee for the Union, led by Ulysses S. Grant: Fort Henry Fort Donelson Shiloh New Orleans captured in April 1862

Emancipation Proclamation Beginning of the War, Lincoln’s objective was to keep the Union together Became a political and military necessity ONLY freed slaves in Confederate territories under Union control DID NOT free slaves in the border states Government openly enlisted black soldiers

Turning Point of the War Gettysburg (1863Lee attempted to invade the North. Union victory Grant victories in the West included Vicksburg (MS- 1863). Entire Mississippi River in control of the Union April 9 1865- Confederates surrender April 14 1865- Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

Reconstruction Important questions had to be dealt with after the Civil War How to bring the Southern states back into the Union How to deal with freed slaves

Reconstruction before the War Ended Sea Island Experiment In the west: freedman signed contracts. Provided wages, education, no physical punishment and families could not be sold Jefferson Davis’ plantation was divided up amongst the emancipated saves Lincoln’s 10% plan Wade-Davis Bill

New Freedoms Create churches and schools without white supervision Political freedom- right to vote Landownership- former slaves were not given land Freedman’s Bureau- provide education, aid to the poor, make sure former blacks were receiving all the freedoms they had earned (ultimately failed)

Presidential Reconstruction Andrew Johnson (TN) Offered pardons to white southerners who swore an oath of allegiance Abolish slavery Most states returned to their old pre-war governments and angered Northern Republicans

Black Codes Laws passed to regulate the lives of former slaves Former slaves could not testify against whites, serve in state militias, or vote Former slaves could be arrested for not signing year long contracts to work Freedom for former slaves was very slow

Radical Reconstruction Radical Republicans were unhappy with President Johnson so they took charge of Reconstruction Wanted Southern states to be punished for starting the Civil War

Radical Reconstruction Civil Rights Bill- repudiated Black Codes. Passed over President’s veto Reconstruction Act- divided south into military districts to enforce new laws 14th Amendment (1866)- equal protections under the law President Andrew Johnson impeached over Tenure of Office Act 15th Amendment (1870)- Vote could not be denied based on race

South During Reconstruction Republicans took over southern states and passed equality laws Some advancements made: Some states had integrated public schools “Reign of Terror” Southern whites would not accept blacks as equals KKK formed

Reconstruction Ends Bargain of 1877 Democrats would take back control of Southern governments and by the 1890s segregation and Jim Crow era took over Not until the 1950s and 1960s would federal government intervene in civil rights

4.04 Presidential Reconstruction Long-Essay Choose one of two questions: Question 1. Some historians have called the Civil War and Reconstruction period a “Second American Revolution.” Support, modify, or refute this interpretation, providing specific evidence to justify your answer. Question 2. Evaluate the extent to which the federal government was united by Reconstruction.

Question One Was there a complete change in the political, economic, and social systems in the US after the Civil War? To help: create a chart that displays what changed and what did not change. See which side has more evidence

Question Two Federal government definitely has a lot of power for the first time in US history under Congressional Reconstruction by the Radical Republicans But was the Federal government united? Argue the federal government was united or split into factions

Any Questions? Thank you for coming!