Think – Pair – Share Answer this question very quickly on the back of your True/False paper What are Civil Rights? Turn to your partner, and discuss your answers with each other. Be prepared to share with the class

Trace how passage of the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 19th amendments were initial steps in the expansion of civil rights in the US.

1791 - Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights is a list of rights that cannot be denied by the Federal Government.

1865 - 13th Amendment Abolished slavery Federal Govt must in the short term protect former slaves, and in the long term protect their civil rights – especially against hostile state governments.

1868 - 14th Amendment Defined citizenship and forbid a state from depriving any person of life, liberty, and property without due process or depriving citizens of equal protection under the law. The Federal Government will now protect citizens’ rights and restrain the states from denying rights.

1870 - 15th Amendment The right to vote shall not be denied because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Voting is the domain of the states and after 1877 that right proved difficult for African Americans to exercise.

1896 - Plessy v. Ferguson The Supreme Court upheld a Louisiana law that allowed separate, but equal accommodations on trains. *Essentially legalizing segregation. Plessy marked an end to Federal enforcement of civil rights. The absence of civil rights protections will continue until 1954.

Segregation and Jim Crow Laws Common in Southern States after reconstruction State and local laws that specified certain places “For Whites Only” and others “For Colored Only” There were separate schools, transportation, restaurants, and parks Denial of voting rights Ability to read and write, property ownership, and a poll tax required to vote

Early 1900s Ida B. Wells Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois Anti-Lynching Movement Booker T. Washington More moderate strategy through getting better jobs Established the Tuskegee Institute W.E.B. Du Bois More aggressive strategy through better education First African American to earn a doctorate National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Worked for equal rights for all Americans

1920 - 19th Amendment The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged…on account of Sex (gender). What Progressive reformer helped to get this amendment passed?

Executive Order 9981 July 26 1948 Truman’s Executive Order desegregates the armed forces Equal treatment and opportunity regardless of race – the official policy of the military After World War II Tuskegee Airmen Dorie Miller Vernon Baker Korean War First war fought with integrated troops

Processing the Amendments Draw a visual metaphor to represent how these amendments led to the modern Civil Rights Movement.