Seasons Vocabulary Summer Northern Hemisphere The northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun. Most direct sunlight (focused light) Longer days and shorter nights. North pole has constant daylight Direct – focused Indirect– scattered A great demonstration to show direct and indirect light is to use a flashlight and a blank piece of paper. Tilt the paper to represent the hemisphere that is pointed away from the Sun. The same light will spread out over a larger area. © KeslerScience.com

Seasons Vocabulary Fall Northern Hemisphere The axis is not pointed towards or away from the Sun. Equal sunlight in both hemispheres Equal length days and nights at the equator Students often think the Earth is going over the Sun when looking at this model. It is easier to understand if you mimic the diagram with a 3d model. © KeslerScience.com

Seasons Vocabulary Winter Northern Hemisphere The northern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun. Most indirect sunlight Shorter days and longer nights South pole has constant daylight Indirect– scattered Direct – focused © KeslerScience.com

Seasons Vocabulary Spring Northern Hemisphere The axis is not pointed towards or away from the Sun. Equal sunlight in both hemispheres Equal length days (12 hours) and nights (12 hours) at the equator © KeslerScience.com

Seasons Vocabulary Seasons Southern Hemisphere Opposite of northern hemisphere Ex. If it’s summer in Dallas, then it’s winter in Rio de Janeiro. © KeslerScience.com

Quick Action – Seasons Model Find a partner and stand up. One person will need a pencil Listen to your teacher for specific instructions. This activity is a quick break from taking notes. It allows students to model the position of Earth at each season Have one student be the Earth and one student be the Sun. The person who is the Earth needs to hold a pencil/pen to model the axis. Pick a focal point in the room where the axis always points. Have everyone model summer in the northern hemisphere. That person will model the revolution of Earth around the Sun. Walk them through each of the seasons. Switch roles and repeat the process starting with a new season in the Southern hemisphere. © KeslerScience.com

Seasons Vocabulary Solstices The longest or shortest days of the year The Sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon. Summer Solstice – about June 21st Winter Solstice – about December 21st © KeslerScience.com

Seasons Vocabulary © KeslerScience.com

Seasons Vocabulary © KeslerScience.com

Seasons Vocabulary Equinoxes Day and night are equal at the equator Vernal equinox – about March 20th Autumnal equinox – about September 22nd Explaining the equinoxes is much easier to understand if the teacher sets up a quick model for the class to see. It’s hard for the class to visualize the equal sunlight in the equinox positions. © KeslerScience.com

Check for Understanding Seasons Model- ON PAGE Draw a model of the Earth’s revolution around the Sun. Include labels for each season in the Northern and Southern hemisphere. © KeslerScience.com

Tides Tides The alternate rise and fall of the oceans Tides and waves are not the same thing Tides rise and fall about every 12 hours due to the rotation of the Earth 2 high tides and 2 low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes A big misconception about tides is that waves and tides are the same thing. They are not. KeslerScience.com

Gravity of the Moon and Sun cause the tides Gravity and Tides Gravity of the Moon and Sun cause the tides The Moon is closer to Earth and has a much greater impact on the tides than the Sun.  In case someone asks why there are two bulges I found explanation on NOAA.gov “Gravity and inertia act in opposition on the Earth’s oceans, creating tidal bulges on opposite sites of the planet. On the “near” side of the Earth (the side facing the moon), the gravitational force of the moon pulls the ocean’s waters toward it, creating one bulge. On the far side of the Earth, inertia dominates, creating a second bulge.” KeslerScience.com

Tides Low Tide Beach and environment exposed Organisms have adapted to long periods with limited water High Tide Environment becomes flooded with ocean water Organisms have adapted to long periods of immersion in saltwater KeslerScience.com

The Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line. Tides Spring Tides The Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line. Largest difference between high and low tides New or Full Moon Full Moon New Moon KeslerScience.com

The Sun, Earth, and Moon form a ninety degree angle. Tides Neap Tides The Sun, Earth, and Moon form a ninety degree angle. Smallest difference between high and low tides 1st or 3rd Quarter Moon First Quarter 90º 90º Third Quarter KeslerScience.com

Quick Action – Tide Model Get into groups of 3 and stand up The oldest person is the Sun. The middle is the Earth. The youngest is the Moon. This activity is a quick break from taking notes. It helps students to model what they just learned. KeslerScience.com

Quick Action – Spring Tide Model Model how the Sun, Earth, and Moon would look during a New Moon - Spring Tide. Model how the Sun, Earth, and Moon would look during a Full Moon - Spring Tide. This activity is a quick break from taking notes. It helps students to model what they just learned. KeslerScience.com

Quick Action – Neap Tide Model Model how the Sun, Earth, and Moon would look during a First Quarter - Neap Tide. Model how the Sun, Earth, and Moon would look during a Third Quarter - Neap Tide. This activity is a quick break from taking notes. It helps students to model what they just learned. KeslerScience.com

Quick Action – Draw & Name the Tide and Moon Phase on Page Sun E Sun E M ____________________________ ____________________________ Sun E I would do the following activity in the INB and then check it with the entire class. Sun E M M ____________________________ ____________________________________ KeslerScience.com