THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN THE ENGLISH GRAMMAR THEORY , ILLUSTRATION AND PRACTICE

SITUATION 1: WHEN WE HAVE TO RELATE THE OTHER VERBS TO THE FUTURE TENSE If you have a future tense in the main sentence and you have to mention something that happened previously to the moment of speaking, you may use: the Simple Past (if you also mention the specific moment in time when the action took place) Ex.: John will know what you did yesterday. the Past Continuous (if the action was in progress at a certain moment in the past) Ex. : John will know what you were doing yesterday evening. the Present Perfect ( if the moment of the action is not clearly specified , you only know that the action happened before) Ex.: John will know what you have done before. the Present Perfect Continuous if the action began in the past and went on up to the moment of speaking Ex.: John will know what you have been doing until now / for the last twenty minutes. Note: in the main sentence, the verb can be also in the Future Continuous Tense ,the situation of the related tenses is the same! Ex.: John will be telling us what… exit

SITUATION 1 : WHEN WE HAVE TO RELATE THE OTHER TENSES TO THE FUTURE TENSE If you have a future tense in the main sentence and you have to talk about something that is going on in the present, you may use: The Simple Present – to talk about general , usual or repeated actions Ex.: John will know what you usually do for a living. The Continuous Present- to say that something is in progress right now Ex.: John will know what you are doing now. Note! You may use the same related tenses even if the tense used in the main sentence is a Continuous Future! Ex.: John will be telling us what you do for a living. John will be telling us what you are doing now.

SITUATION 1 :WHEN WE HAVE TO RELATE THE OTHER VERBS TO THE FUTURE If you have a future tense in the main sentence and you want to mention something which is going on simultaneously to the moment of speaking, you may use: the Simple Future : John will know what you will do tomorrow. the Continuous Future ( if you want to mention that the action will be in progress in the future) : John will know what you will be doing tomorrow afternoon. Note! You may use the same tenses even if in the main sentence you have a Continuous Future: John will be telling us what you will do tomorrow / what you will be doing tomorrow. ATTENTION! If the secondary sentence is a Time Clause or a Conditional Clause, you must not use the Future! Instead of the future, you must use the Simple Present! Ex.: John will know when Mary arrives from London.( John va sti cand va sosi Mary din Londra.)-Time Clause John will know the answer if you tell it to him.( John va sti raspunsul daca i-l vei spune.)-Conditional Clause exit

SITUATION 2: WHEN WE HAVE TO RELATE THE OTHER TENSES TO THE PRESENT If you have a present tense in the main sentence and you want to mention something that happened previously to the moment of speaking, you may use: the Simple Past (if you also mention the specific moment in time when the action took place) Ex.: John knows what you did yesterday. the Past Continuous (if the action was in progress at a certain moment in the past) Ex. : John knows what you were doing yesterday evening. the Present Perfect ( if the moment of the action is not clearly specified , you only know that the action happened before the present moment) Ex.: John knows what you have done before. the Present Perfect Continuous if the action began in the past and went on up to the moment of speaking Ex.: John knows what you have been doing until now / for the last twenty minutes. Note: in the main sentence, the verb can be also in the Present Continuous Tense or in the Future Tense ,the situation of the related tenses is the same!

SITUATION 2 : WHEN WE HAVE TO RELATE THE OTHER TENSES TO THE PRESENT If you have a present tense in the main sentence and you want to mention something that is going on in the present, you may use : The Simple Present – to mention general, usual or repeated actions Ex.: John knows what you do for a living. The Continuous Present – to say that something is going on right now Ex.: John knows what you are doing now. Note! You may use the same related tenses even if the tense in the main sentence is a Continuous Present ! Ex.: John is telling us what you do for a living / what you are doing now.

SITUATION 2 : WHEN WE HAVE TO RELATE THE OTHER TENSES TO THE PRESENT If the verb in the main sentence is in the present and you have to mention something that will happen in the future, you may use : The Future Simple Ex. : John knows what you will do tomorrow. The Future Continuous – for actions that will be in progress in the future Ex. : John knows what you will be doing tomorrow. Note! You may use the same tenses even if you have a Present Continuous in the main sentence! Ex.: John is telling us what you will do tomorrow / what you will be doing tomorrow. ATTENTION! If the secondary sentence is a Time Clause or a Conditional Clause, you must not use the Future Tenses! Instead of the Future, you must use the Simple Present! ex. :John knows what time you arrive tomorrow.(John stie la ce ora vei sosi tu maine.) John knows your name only if you tell it to him later. ( John iti stie numele numai daca i-l vei spune mai tarziu.) exit

SITUATION 3 :WHEN WE HAVE TO RELATE THE OTHER TENSES TO A PAST ACTION If you have a past tense in the main sentence and you have to mention something that happened before that past moment , you may use : The Past Perfect Simple Ex. : John told us yesterday what you had done two days ago.( John ne-a spus ieri ce ai facut tu in urma cu doua zile.) The Past Perfect Continuous- if the action began previously and continued up to the past action in the main sentence Ex.: John told us yesterday what you had been doing until then.( John ne-a spus ieri ce facusesi tu pana atunci.) Note! For two actions which happened in the past, at a very short interval of time, you may use for both of them the Simple Past! Ex.: John got out of the room and slammed the door. (John a iesit din camera si a trantit usa.) You may use the same related tenses even if in the main sentence you have a Past Continuous! Ex.: John was telling us yesterday… exit

SITUATION 3 : WHEN YOU HAVE TO RELATE THE OTHER TENSES TO A PAST ACTION If you have a past tense in the main sentence and you have to mention something that happened simultaneously, you may use : The Simple Past Ex.: John told us yesterday what you did. (yesterday) John ne-a spus ieri ce ai facut . ( ieri) The Continuous Past – to say that something was in progress in that precise past moment Ex. : John told us yesterday what you were doing. John ne-a spus ieri ce faceai tu. Note! You may use the same related tenses even if you have a Past Continuous in the main sentence! Ex.: John was telling us yesterday what you did / what you were doing. John ne spunea ieri ce ai facut tu / ce faceai tu. exit

SITUATION 3 : WHEN YOU HAVE TO RELATE THE OTHER TENSES TO A PAST ACTION If you have a past tense in the main sentence and you want to mention something that will happen in the future, you may use : The Future in the Past Simple( WOULD + vb1) Ex. : John told us yesterday what you would do the next week. John ne-a spus ieri ce vei face tu saptamana viitoare. The Future in the Past Continuous( WOULD+BE+VB-ing) – for actions that will be in progress in the future Ex.: John told us yesterday what you would be doing the next week. Note! You may use the same related tenses even if in the main sentence you have a Past Continuous Tense! Ex.: John was telling us yesterday what you would do the next week. / what you would be doing the next week. exit

Ex.: Direct speech “I got a 10 yesterday!” Jane told her mother. Remember this : You may use this information when you have to use the reported / indirect speech. You just have to report the other tenses in accordance to the relating verb (which will be the verb in the main sentence). Ex.: Direct speech “I got a 10 yesterday!” Jane told her mother. Indirect Speech : Jane told her mother that she had got a 10 the day before.

And now, some practice! Are you ready? Steady? Go!

EXERCICE NO. 1 CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER: 1.The pupils are doing what their teacher … them to do yesterday. asks asked has asked 2. My friends will tell me where they … tomorrow. will go go would go 3. Mother found out yesterday what I … a week ago. have done had done did 4. The teacher will discover what we … previously. did have done do 5. Michael is informing us on when he … tomorrow. will arrive arrives arrive 6. Jane said that she … all the right answers the next week. will know knew would know

Congratulations! Your answer is correct! exit