America Enters the War.

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Presentation transcript:

America Enters the War

Before America Declares War… Americans volunteered in Allied armies. Lafayette Escadrille American volunteer pilots flying for France. 11 became Aces

America Declares War April 2, 1917 Takes time to get ready! Raise Money (How?) Raise Army (How?) 2 Million Volunteers 2.8 million draftees Also known as - Doughboys American Doughboy from the 32nd “Red Arrow Division” from Michigan.

Selective Service Act 1917 1st National Draft Draft = Conscription Conscription is “forced” or involuntary military service. How it worked: Adult Males had to register. If their number was drawn, they had to appear before a “Local Draft board” Local Draft board determined if they would be enlisted in the military

Selective Service Pro/Con Created a large army quickly Was seen as “Democratic” because all males were eligible (Rich/Poor, Black/White, Country/City) Con: “Forced” military service – (Like in Europe?) Abandoned American Volunteer Army Tradition Violated the Bill of Rights (Maybe, maybe not)

American Expeditionary Force (A.E.F.) Gen. John J. Pershing “Black Jack” American Commander of A.E.F. Wanted American troops to fight together as an American Force ~ Pride, Nationalism British and French wanted Americans to be used as replacements in their damaged armies.

African American Soldiers African American soldiers served in segregated units of all black soldiers led by white officers. They were attached to the French Army Many French colonial troops were from Africa and also black.

369th Infantry – “harlem hellfighters” Award the French Croix de Guerre (Cross of War) because of their service with the French army.

Timeline – When Did Americans Arrive? Feb 1917 – Russian Revolution begins Bread Riots in the Streets of St. Petersburg Tsar still living well, but citizens are starving. Citizens Blame WWI November 1917 – Communists take over Tsar Nicholas II and his family is killed Vladimir Lenin and Communists rule Russian Civil War begins… 1918-1921ish

When Russia leaves… …German troops are free to move from Eastern to Western front. Reinforce the armies against France and England. Prepare to launch major attack (1918 offensive) American Troops (A. E.F.) begin to arrive on Western Front

American Heroes Alvin York – Congressional Medal of Honor – Captured over 100 Germans basically by himself – Argonne Forest Maj. Charles Whittlesey – led the American “Lost Battalion” in the Argonne Forest and resisted continual German attack. Both men were “Conscientious Objectors” who opposed the war.

Top American Ace Eddie Rickenbacker 26 confirmed aerial victories