Enhanced Oil Recovery by Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Injection Followed by Low Salinity Water Flooding in Tight Carbonate Reservoir: A Laboratory Study

OUTLINE INTRODUCTION Experimental work Objectives RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION PRIMARY RECOVERY SECONDARY RECOVERY TERTIARY RECOVERY NATURAL FLOW ARTIFICIAL LIFT SECONDARY RECOVERY IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY ( IOR ] WATER FLOODING GAS INJECTION TERTIARY RECOVERY OIL RECOVERY ( EOR ] ENHANCED THERMAL GAS INJECTION CHEMICAL & OTHER Steam Hot water CO2 Hydrocarbon Nitrogen Alkaline Polymer Microbial

COMBINING GAS INJECTION + LSW DESIGN OF AN EOR TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVES COMBINING GAS INJECTION + LSW DESIGN OF AN EOR TECHNIQUE LOW PERMEABILITY (TIGHT) CARBONATE RESRVOIR

EOR LITERATURE REVIEW Supplement the reservoir's natural energy To create favorable condition to increase residual oil recovery

EOR TECHNIQUES LOW SALINITY WATER leads to significant oil recovery very high sweep efficiency CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION mixing with the oil, make it lighter, detach it from the rock surfaces 𝐂𝐎 𝟐 vaporizes hydrocarbons primarily the 𝐂 𝟓+ fractions NITROGEN INJECTION Nitrogen Reduces the viscosity of hydrocarbons Vaporizes light components from C1 to C5

EXPERIMENTAL WORK Cleaning, drying and measuring porosity and permeability of cores by nitrogen Saturating core samples with formation brine Flooding with crude oil to Swi Flooding with Sea water to Sor-1 Flooding with low salinity water to Sor-2 Injecting with N2 Injecting with CO2

Preparing core samples EXPERIMENTAL WORK Preparing core samples

Measurement of porosity and permeability to nitrogen EXPERIMENTAL WORK Measurement of porosity and permeability to nitrogen

Saturating core samples with formation brine EXPERIMENTAL WORK Saturating core samples with formation brine

Flooding core samples with oil, brine, and gases EXPERIMENTAL WORK Flooding core samples with oil, brine, and gases

FLOODING SYSTEM SCETCH

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Residual Oil Saturation is percentage of volume of residual oil divided by initial volume of oil in core samples

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Displacement Efficiency is percentage of produced oil divided by initial volume of oil

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Production Ratio is the volume of produced oil divided by volume of brine flooded into the sample

Enhancement in residual oil saturation RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Enhancement in residual oil saturation

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Permeability before and after flooding

Results CONCLUSION N2 +LSW has the highest recovery Permeability increased Dissolution of ions N2 +LSW has the highest recovery 1- smaller molecular mass of N2 molecules 2- vaporization gas drive mechanism

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