Topic 1: Classification of Matter

Review: What is matter? Matter is anything that has volume (takes up space) and mass (made of particles) Matter is converted into energy, and vice versa Everything in the universe is made of either matter or energy!

Pure Substance: matter with uniform and definite composition Element: substance where all the atoms are alike 90 elements found in nature; >20 made in labs Ex: Iron, Gold All are listed on the Periodic Table of Elements! Compound: substance where two or more elements are combined in a fixed proportion. Can only be separated by a chemical reaction. Ex: water, hydrochloric acid, salt All will have a chemical formula and name Water = Dihydrogen monoxide (H2O) Salt = Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Mixtures Mixture: material made up of 2 or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means

Different materials can be easily seen, particles are different sizes Heterogeneous Different materials can be easily seen, particles are different sizes Ex: Pizza, vegetable soup Specific Types: Suspension: Italian salad dressing Colloid: whipped cream

Homogeneous Mixture 2 or more different materials are mixed evenly throughout, you can’t see the different particles Ex: Coca-cola, vinegar Specific Type: Solution –particles so small they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle out.

Ways to Separate Mixtures Filtration Separates: heterogeneous mixtures Ex: draining pasta Chromatography Separates: complex homogeneous mixtures Ex: parts of ink

Ways to Separate Mixtures 3. Distillation Separates: homogeneous liquids Ex: purifying water 4. Evaporation Separates: solutions Ex: obtaining salt from saltwater

Practice! Classify the following as an: Element Compound Heterogeneous Mixture Homogeneous Mixture

Carbon (C) Classify: Element Compound Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Carbon (C)

Kool-Aid Classify: Element Compound Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

Spaghetti & Meatballs Classify: Element Compound Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

Magnesium Iodide (MgI2) Classify: Element Compound Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Magnesium Iodide (MgI2)

Air Classify: Element Compound Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Air

Bringing it all together! Matter Substance Mixture Element Compound Heterogeneous Homogeneous Suspension Solution Na NaCl Italian salad dressing Sugar water