Physical & Chemical Properties and Changes Messana

BIG IDEA: Every element on the Periodic Table has it’s own set of physical & chemical properties, that is what makes their “personalities” unique!!!

Property Is a description of an object If struck by lighting, the tree could catch FIRE (BURN) Is a description of an object The tree is GREEN The tree is TALL

What is a Physical Property? A characteristic of an element or substance that can be observed or measured without changing its identity or its structure Use your 5 senses OR scientific measurements to describe or measure…

Physical Properties five senses description Are determined by the use of the . They are a of an object. senses description

Examples of Physical Properties 1) Color 2) Smell 3) Taste 4) Hardness 5) State of Matter 6) Boiling, Freezing, or Melting Point

Examples of Physical Properties 7) Density 8) Mass 9) Volume 10) Malleability (the ability to be molded) 11) Solubility (the ability to be dissolved)

What is a Physical Change? A change that takes place without changing the identity or structure of the element or substance EXAMPLES: (next slide also Dissolving Phase change (change between solid, liquid, or gas) Changing shape

Examples of Physical Changes 1) Change in size, shape, or color 2) Pencil shavings 3) Torn Paper 4) Crushed ice 5) Sugar dissolved in water 6) Painting a wall

VOCABULARY for INQUIRY STATIONS: 1) Solubility 2) Melting Point 3) Boiling Point 4) Magnetism 5) Conductivity 6) Malleability 7) Density 8) Specific Heat

LET’S VISIT SOME STATIONS!  Directions: Please go to assigned station and using the STATION VOCAB please decide which PHYSICAL PROPERTY represents the station and complete your PHYSICAL PROPERTY CHART & QUESTIONS! LET’S DO THIS LIL DARLINGS!! 

VOCABULARY: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES & Station Results VOCABULARY: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES & Station Results! These are in the order of the STATIONS!! 

BOILING POINT The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. Station # 1

SPECIFIC HEAT The amount of heat or energy needed to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (1C). Station # 2

DENSITY Mass per volume of a material, or how much stuff is packed together in an area. Station # 3

MELTING POINT The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. Station # 4

CONDUCTIVTY The ability of a material or substance that allows electricity or heat to flow through it easily. Most metals are good conductors. Station # 5

The ability to be hammered, shaped, or rolled into thing sheets The ability to be hammered, shaped, or rolled into thing sheets. Most metals are malleable. Station # 6 Let’s not forget DUCTILITY!! (Cu) MALLEABILITY

A measure of how much of a substance dissolves in a given amount of another substance. Station # 7 SOLUBILITY

Solubility Side Note: Solvent = the substance that does the dissolving Solute = the substance that dissolves Insoluble = doesn’t dissolve

MAGNETISM A force of attraction or repulsion that exists between like and unlike poles. Station # 8

What is a Chemical Property? A characteristic that gives a substance the ability to change into a new substance…BUT the chemical change has to be happening to see the chemical properties!

What is a Chemical Change? A change that results in the production of a new substance and cannot be reversed. EXAMPLES: Burning Rusting Cooking

Evidence of a Chemical Change/Reaction: 1)Color changes – (color appears or disappears) 2)Temperature changes 3)Gas/gas bubbles produced 4)Fire/explosion 5)Precipitate is formed – a solid forms out of 2 liquids https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_X3Gt3daLshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_X3Gt3daLs

Examples of Reactivity… Metals Reacting to Being Burned YES….screen is supposed to be BLACK for a few seconds  Please WRITE DOWN the ELEMENT that creates the COLOR!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8hpUtRnsYc

VOCABULARY: EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

CHEMICAL REACTIVITY The ability of a material or substance to react with another material or substance and form something entirely new or different.

TOXICITY The degree to which a chemical can harm an organism.

FLAMMABILITY The ability of a material or substance to burn or start on fire easily.

REACTIVITY WITH OXYGEN The ability of a material or substance (usually metals) to react with oxygen and cause them to rust, tarnish, or combust, spark or create a flame or light.

Explain the difference between a property and a change. Property or Change? THINK, GROUP, SHARE… Explain the difference between a property and a change.

Physical or Chemical? THINK, GROUP, SHARE… Explain how you know the difference between a physical change and chemical change? What were those 5 helpful hints that I gave you to identify a chemical change?

What were the 5 Things that give you a hint that a chemical change/reaction has occurred? Color changes – (color appears or disappears) Temperature changes Gas/gas bubbles produced Fire/explosion/flame/light produced Precipitate is formed – a solid forms out of 2 liquids

Labs to Examine Chemical Changes Mini Labs & Demos Labs to Examine Chemical Changes

Mini Lab 1: Make your prediction based on the items you see the teacher has… Watch closely…keep watching! Write your observations What was your “hint” that a chemical change occurred?

Mini Lab 1: Prediction : Cup 1 =_______________ Cup 2 =_______________ Cup 3 = ______________ What will happen when I pour: Cup # 3 into Cup # 1________________________________________________ Cup # 2 into Cup # 1________________________________________________ Cup # 3 into Cup # 2________________________________________________

FRIENDLY REMINDERS!! **Anyone sensitive to strong odors? Let me know if any of the odors are bothering you at any point during the labs today! **Absolutely none of the lab chemicals should come in contact with your mouth, eyes, or be breathed deeply!! GROUP 1 & 3 = SINK 1 GROUP 2 = SINK 6 GROUP 4 = SINK 5 GROUP 5 = SINK 2 GROUP 6 = SINK 4 GROUPS 7 & 8 = SINK 3 USE YOUR PLASTIC BIN TO CATCH ANY SPILLS, FOR EXAMPLE WHEN YOU POUR VINEGAR INTO YOUR GRADUATED CYLINDER DO IT OVER THE BIN!

Group Roles Leader: Reads the directions for each lab, keeps group on task and following directions Materials/Clean Up: collects, returns, cleans and disposes of materials Data Discussion Leader: Ensures there is a conversation about each data table to share information. Quality Management Officer: Ensures every student has detailed quality answers written in complete sentences using scientific language & turns their lab guide in!

Mini Lab 2: Send your materials person to get a cup of milk and a cup of vinegar, and a stir stick Pour the vinegar into the milk and stir it like you mean it! Observe and record any changes that occur at this time. Let this one sit on your table to see if there is any change by the time class ends.

Mini Lab 3: Send your materials person up to pick up a ziploc bag with baking soda in it for each group Use the graduated cylinder to measure about 40 mL of vinegar Add the 40 mL of vinegar to the baking soda in the bag and SEAL THE BAG IMMEDIATELY…SEAL & FEEL BABY!!  Observe and record any changes that occur. Rinse your GRADUATED CYLINDER and throw away the ziplock bag ONCE YOU HAVE DUMPED THE CONTENTS DOWN THE DRAIN

pH.? ??

Mini Lab 4: EACH member of the group will come to get a test tube Test Tube # 1 – Baking Soda Test Tube # 2 – Vinegar Test Tube # 3 – Lemon Juice Test Tube # 4 – Ammonia Use the eyedroppers to add an eyedropper full of the cabbage juice (purple liquid) to each test tube…DO THIS ONLY ONCE Observe and record any changes that occur Rinse your test tubes and return it to the test tube rack. Flush your pipettes with water. Rinse your bin & dry it! Clean up any spills at your group!

Mini Lab 5: Send your materials person up to pick up a ziploc bag with DAMP RID in it for each group Use the graduated cylinder to measure about 50 mL of WATER Add the 50 mL of WATER to the DAMP RID in the bag and nowwwww..SEAL THE BAG IMMEDIATELY! SEAL & FEEL BABY!!! 1) Observe and record any changes that occur.

MINI-LAB 5 CONTINUED Now ADD a spoon full of BAKING SODA.. 2) SEAL & FEEL….OBSERVE and RECORD your observations 3) Now I will come around and a dropper of ADD RED PHENOL…. WATCH & WOW ….OBSERVE and RECORD your observations 4) Please go to your designated SINK as a GROUP….SLOWLY turn on water and let it run into your baggy….WHATTTT?????  OBSERVE and RECORD your observations..LOVE THIS! 

Your lab station should be clean and your bin should contain all of the supplies it did when you started! Clean, dry plastic bin 1 graduated cylinder 1 small beaker of cabbage juice 2 pipettes (eyedroppers) Any/all CUPS used…cleaned!

Something to try at home  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFvik_THcNQ Check for changes in Mini Lab 2 – then pour your “new” substance down the drain and throw the cups and stir stick in the trash.

Let’s Take a Look at the Lab… Quality Management: Ensures every student has detailed quality answers written in complete sentences using scientific language & turns their lab guide in! Stop using the word “it” – what is “it?” use the vocabulary/explain with detail!!! SOME COMMON ERRORS: The 2 liquids, the milk and the vinegar, formed a precipitate…instead of it precipitated/it was precipitating – what does that mean? Is dissolving chemical or physical?

Let’s Take a Look at the Lab… Question #2 on the back – some examples of good answers were: In the beginning we didn’t know what would happen in Mini Lab 2, but it greatly displayed how this relationship between properties and changes because you had to mix the milk and vinegar together before their properties could react and cause them to form a precipitate which was the chemical change. For experiment #4, we had to pour the cabbage juice into the mystery liquid to see it undergo the color change. The color couldn’t change without mixing the two liquids allowing you to see the chemical property through the chemical change.

Get your whiteboard, marker, and eraser ready! White Board Review Put your notes away Get your whiteboard, marker, and eraser ready!

Explain the difference between a property and a change. White Board Review Explain the difference between a property and a change.

Answer: Property: characteristic that can be observed, measured, described (this allows the change to occur) Change: what takes place; the results REMINDER…you MUST have a PROPERTY in order to have a CHANGE  EX: Property = Flammability (the ability to create a flame) Change = fire; burning

White Board Review Explain how you know the difference between a physical change & a chemical change

ANSWER: Physical Change – takes place without changing the identity, structure of composition of the substance Chemical Change – results in production of a NEW SUBSTANCE being formed; can NOT be reversed!! Ask yourself…..CAN IT GO BACK TO IT’S ORIGINAL IDENTITY?? 

White Board Review List all 8 Physical Properties we discussed in class. Think of the stations…in order!! THAT usually helps!! 

Physical Properties Boiling Point Specific Heat Density Melting Point Conductivity Malleability Solubility Magnetism

List all 4 Chemical Properties we discussed in class. White Board Review List all 4 Chemical Properties we discussed in class.

Chemical Properties Toxicity Flammability Chemical Reactivity Reactivity with Oxygen

White Board Review What were those 5 helpful hints that I gave you to identify a chemical change?

5 things that tell you a chemical change/reaction has occurred(evidence): Color changes – (color appears or disappears) Temperature changes Gas/gas bubbles produced Fire/flame/light produced or explosion Precipitate is formed – a solid or solid particles forms out of 2 liquids

Whiteboard Quiz – Physical or Chemical? Number your whiteboard 1-10 Also place a small Check on your paper to keep score!! Be HONEST!

1. Physical or Chemical? Freezing water…

P

2. Physical or Chemical? Rusting Metal….

C

3. Physical or Chemical? Chopping Wood…

P

4. Physical or Chemical Digestion…..

C

5. Physical or Chemical? Dissolving salt in water…

P

6. Physical Or Chemical? Rotting Bananas….

C

7. Physical or Chemical? Cellular Respiration….. Crumpled paper…

C

8. Physical or Chemical? Melting Gold…

P

9. Physical or Chemical? Burning Wood…

C

10. Physical or Chemical? Dying Easter eggs…

P

11. Physical or Chemical? Photosynthesis…. Boiling Water…

C

12. Physical or Chemical? Frying chicken…

C

13. Physical or Chemical? Tarnish on the Statue of Liberty…

C

Whiteboard Quiz Part 2 – Which Property? Number your whiteboard 1-10 You must get at least 8 correct to get a ticket.. be LIKE ABE… HONEST!!

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. 1. Which Property? The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas.

BOILING POINT

2. Which Property? Mass per volume of a material, or how much stuff is packed together in an area.

DENSITY

3. Which Property? The ability to be hammered, shaped, or rolled into thin sheets. Most metals have this quality.

MALLEABILITY

The ability to start on fire or to burn. 4. Which Property? The ability to start on fire or to burn.

FLAMMABILITY

5. Which Property? The amount of heat or energy needed to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (1C).

SPECIFIC HEAT

6. Which Property? A measure of how much of a substance dissolves in a given amount of another substance.

SOLUBILITY

The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. 7. Which Property? The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.

MELTING POINT

8. Which Property? The ability of a material or substance to react with another material or substance and form something entirely new or different.

CHEMICAL REACTIVITY

9. Which Property? The ability of a material or substance that allows electricity or heat to flow through it easily. Most metals have this property.

CONDUCTIVITY

The degree to which a chemical can harm an organism. 10. Which Property? The degree to which a chemical can harm an organism.

TOXICITY

Whiteboard Quiz Part 3 – Which Property? Number your whiteboard 1-5 You must write the vocabulary word that completes the definition ONLY # 1 & # 5 are on the PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL QUIZ! 

1. Vocabulary A _____________ is when a solid, or solid particles form when two liquids are combined.

PRECIPITATE

The ______________ is the substance that GETS dissolved. 2. Vocabulary The ______________ is the substance that GETS dissolved.

SOLUTE

The ______________ is the substance that does the dissolving. 3. Vocabulary The ______________ is the substance that does the dissolving.

SOLVENT

If something does not dissolve it is known as ________________. 4. Vocabulary If something does not dissolve it is known as ________________.

INSOLUBLE

5. Vocabulary Similar to malleability, the physical property of _____________ means that a material can be stretched into a wire. BONUS!!!!!!!!! 

DUCTILITY

Fill in the video guide for a quiz grade!! Mythbusters Episode Fill in the video guide for a quiz grade!!

STUDY JAMS – Extra Review www.studyjams.com Physical & Chemical Changes of Matter