Phylum Chordata Vertebrates: Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds & mammals Vertebrates: Internal skeletons Animals which have a spinal cord protected by a backbone

FISH Live in water Gills for gas exchange Fins for locomotion Skeleton made of cartilage or bone Most are covered by scales Cold-blooded – body temp. depends on environment

3 classes of fish 1. Jawless fish - agnatha Oldest group – very primitive Scale-less skin Some Parasitic / some filter feed Circular mouth with fleshy teeth Cartilaginous skeleton

Hagfish & lamprey Circular mouth Gill slits

3 classes of fish 2. cartilaginous fish= chondrichthyes Skeleton made of cartilage (skates, rays, sharks) All are predatory except 4 species! Sharks, rays, skates

The 4 exceptions are filter feeders Whale sharks – warm shallow water THE LARGEST FISH IN THE SEA!!!

The 4 exceptions are filter feeders Basking sharks – cold shallow water THE SECOND LARGEST FISH IN THE SEA!!!

The 4 exceptions are filter feeders megamouth shark – cold deep water

The 4 exceptions are filter feeders manta ray– shallow warm water

3 classes of fish 3. bony fish - osteichthyes Skeleton of bone Most numerous of fish species Greatest diversity in shape and feeding habits

Body parts of fish Get ready to draw a fish!!!

1. Caudal fin - tail fin Used for forward motion and acceleration

Singular fins 2. Dorsal fin & 3. Anal fin Used to prevent rolling/tipping

4. pectoral fin & 5. pelvic fin paired fins (left & right) 4. pectoral fin & 5. pelvic fin Used to balance, stop & turn

6. Spines Used for protection Some contain poison sacs

7. operculum Covers & protects gills Not found in sharks

8. Lateral line Sensory canals used to detect changes in water pressure around the fish (similar to human ear)

Bony Fish: Perch Dissection Kahoot Review! Vs. Cartilage Fish: Dogfish (shark) Dissection

COMPARISON OF CARTILAGINOUS & BONY FISHES TRAIT CARTILAGINOUS BONY_____ TUNA, COD, SALMON, SHARKS, RAYS, SKATES EXAMPLES SKELETON CARTILAGE BONE ABSENT – OILY LIVER PROVIDES BUOYANCY PRESENT – AIR FILLED FOR BUOYANCY SWIM BLADDER

COMPARISON OF CARTILAGINOUS & BONY FISHES TRAIT CARTILAGINOUS BONY_____ EXTERNAL – LAY MILLIONS OF SMALL EGGS INTERNAL – HAVE FEW LARGE YOUNG IN LIFE TIME FERTILIZATION SCALES PLACOID – SPINY EMBEDDED IN SKIN GANOID – PLATELIKE CTENOID & CYCLOID ARE FLAT, FLEXIBLE, OVERLAP

COMPARISON OF CARTILAGINOUS & BONY FISHES TRAIT CARTILAGINOUS BONY_____ HAVE OPERCULUM COVER & PROTECT GILLS GILLS NO OPERCULUM HAVE GILLS SLITS FEEDING BEHAVIOR ALL PREDATORS FOUR EXCEPTIONS GREAT VARIATION IN FOOD SOURCES RIGID AND UNSEGMENTED FLEXIBLE AND SEGMENTED FINS TEETH NOT FUSED TO JAW -REPLACEABLE FUSED TO JAW - IRREPLACEABLE