Protein Structure and Enzymes

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Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Protein functions include structural support, storage, transport, enzymes,

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Presentation transcript:

Protein Structure and Enzymes

Proteins are made of the monomer called an amino acid How different: Not a ring or a chain

What does “R-group” really mean What does “R-group” really mean? Hydrocarbon side chain, gives shape from H-bonds

Amino acids are joined by dehydration synthesis (Peptide bond) Through what process are proteins built? Amino acids are joined by dehydration synthesis (Peptide bond)

Long chain = polypeptide (thousands), smaller chain = peptide What is a straight (liner) strand of joined amino acids (the polymer) called? Long chain = polypeptide (thousands), smaller chain = peptide

4 basic shapes of proteins Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Beta Alpha

Paper Proteins Arginine (green) Histidine (red) Proline (blue) Isoleucine (purple) Lysine (Yellow) Methionine (orange) Alanine (pink) Leucine (red polka dot) Glycine (blank)

Examples of proteins and their functions Hemoglobin: responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates Keratin: protects skin cells from damage or stress Fibroin: present in silk created by spiders & other insects Lactase: enzyme in mammals that catalyzes the breakdown of lactose

Enzymes: A special Type of Protein! Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts Enzymes are used in all chemical reactions to control the rate of reactions and lower the amount of energy necessary for the reaction to take place. We say that enzymes lower the activation energy of the reaction.

Enzymes are specific for each reaction. Enzymes are conserved (recycled) Enzymes have an area called the active site to which a specific substrate will bond temporarily while the reaction is taking place. Enzymes are also known as catalysts because they speed the rate of a reaction.

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