Glycolsis and Citric Acid Cycle Cellular Respiration Glycolsis and Citric Acid Cycle

Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria Figure 9.2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts  O2 Organic molecules CO2  H2O Cellular respiration in mitochondria Figure 9.2 Energy flow and chemical recycling in ecosystems. ATP powers most cellular work ATP Heat energy

Redox Reactions The summary equation for cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6CO2 + 6H2O What is oxidized and what is reduced? What is the oxidizing agent?

Mobile Electron Carriers What is the mobile electron carrier in Glycolysis? NAD+

Which Way is more energy released? Figure 9.5 Which Way is more energy released? H2  1/2 O2 2 H  1/2 O2 (from food via NADH) Controlled release of energy for synthesis of ATP 2 H+  2 e ATP Explosive release of heat and light energy ATP Electron transport chain Free energy, G Free energy, G ATP 2 e Figure 9.5 An introduction to electron transport chains. 1/2 O2 2 H+ H2O H2O (a) Uncontrolled reaction (b) Cellular respiration

Electrons carried via NADH Substrate-level phosphorylation Figure 9.6-1 Electrons carried via NADH Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvate CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration. ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation

Electrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2 Figure 9.6-2 Electrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2 Pyruvate oxidation Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl CoA CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration. ATP ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation

Electrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2 Figure 9.6-3 Electrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2 Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis Pyruvate oxidation Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl CoA CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration. ATP ATP ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation

Enzyme Enzyme ADP P Substrate ATP Product Figure 9.7 Enzyme Enzyme ADP P Substrate ATP Figure 9.7 Substrate-level phosphorylation. Product

MITOCHONDRION CYTOSOL CO2 Coenzyme A NAD NADH + H Acetyl CoA Figure 9.10 MITOCHONDRION CYTOSOL CO2 Coenzyme A 1 3 2 NAD NADH + H Acetyl CoA Figure 9.10 Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, the step before the citric acid cycle. Pyruvate Transport protein

Pyruvate CO2 NAD CoA NADH + H Acetyl CoA CoA CoA Citric acid cycle Figure 9.11 Pyruvate CO2 NAD CoA NADH + H Acetyl CoA CoA CoA Citric acid cycle 2 CO2 Figure 9.11 An overview of pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle. FADH2 3 NAD FAD 3 NADH + 3 H ADP + P i ATP