Chapter 5 Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution 1700-1775

Conquest by the Cradle Common amongst the 13 – huge population growth 1700 less than 300,000 people 20,000 – black 1775 2.5 million About 500,000 were black Most of the increase was from birth rate Doubling their birthrate every 25 years Average age in 1775 - ___

Most were east of the Alleghenies Most populated: Only “cities: 1700 – 20:1 ____________________ 1775 – 3:1 ____________________ Most were east of the Alleghenies Most populated: VA, MA, PA, NC, MD Only “cities: Phillidelphia (first city) 34,000 NY, Boston, Charleston 90% lived in a rural area

A Mingling of the Races Melting pot Michel-Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur (Just remember “Crevecoeur) “What then is the American, this new man?” English = 49% African = 19% Scottish = 7% German = 7% Scots-Irish = 5% Irish = 3% Dutch = 3% Other European = 9%

Middle colonies most diverse Pennsylvania Germans made up 1/3 of the pop Mostly fleeing religious persecution Scots-Irish Rough bunch Backcountry along the Appalachians Conflicts with the Native Americans “great wagon road” 12 presidents would be of S-I descent Outside of NE – ½ of the pop was non-Eng.

Structure of Colonial Society Different from Europe no titled nobility “rags-to-riches” Descendants of original settlers struggled more Around 1750 10% of Bostonians/Philadelphians owned _____________________

Clerics, Physicians, and Jurists Ministers – most _____________________ Physicians Poorly trained Perelman School of Medicine,1765 ___________________________ Apprenticeships and blood-letting Small-pox, diptheria Inoculations Lawyers Not highly regarded _______________________ Most people argued their own cases

Workaday America Triangular Trade Read 4th paragraph and draw a map with a key of what the TT would have looked like based on the example in the passage. Wheat Commerce /Trade Manufacturing Lumbering Colonial Naval Stores

Horsepower and Sailpower Transportation issues Dirt roads, awful conditions Long travel time 26 days for new of the _____________________ to reach Charleston from Pennsylvania Water travel preferable Taverns Pop up along routes Centers of politics and social gathering Mid 1700s – Postal system estabilished

Dominant Denominations “Established churches” Anglican Congregational Anglican - GA, NC, SC, VA, MD, and parts of NY Description: _____________ College of William and Mary All except RI ____________ Sedition in the pulpit: _______________________ Tolerant, in general

The Great Awakening 1730s and 1740s Decline in piety Puritan decline Post-Dominion of New England/Glorious Revolution (post 1688) Coastal communities Elaborate Theology Liberal church membership requirements Spiritual conversion not necessary for church membership Calvinism vs. Armenianism Jonathan Edwards George Whitefield Old Lights vs. New Lights asfasdfafd (Primary Source Readings)

Schools and Colleges New England Middle and South Reading and writing Make good ____ not good ______. Early provide primary and secondary schools Mostly for __________ Many go to England for college Middle and South Elementary schooling South struggles with _________ throughout the 1700s Wealthy ________________________________. Emphasis on religion and classical (“dead”) languages Orthodox and dogma 9 colleges established University of Pennsylvania Ben Franklin

A Provincial Culture Painters Literature Ben Franklin Trained in England Charles Wilson Peale Literature Phillis Wheatley Slave/Poet First _____________ Ben Franklin Poor Richard’s Almanack (1732-1758) Widely popular “Scientist Ben” “Inventor Ben

Pioneer Presses Newspapaers, pamphlets, etc. vs. books Too poor/to busy 40 _________________ Zenger Trial (1734-1735) John Peter Zenger NY Seditious libel Andrew Hamilton

“The question before the Court and you, Gentlemen of the jury, is not of small or private concern. It is not the cause of one poor printer, nor of New York alone, which you are now trying. No! It may in its consequence affect every free man that lives under a British government on the main of America. It is the best cause. It is the cause of liberty.” - Andrew Hamilton NOT GUILTY!

Freedom of the ____________ victory If it’s true… Open public discussion Hallmark of ____________________ But not fully

The Great Game of Politics Different forms of gov’t in the colonies 8 = royal governors 3 = proprietary (MD, PA, DE) 2 = elected their own governors Self-governing charters Two-house legislative body Upper – appointed by crown, proprietor, voters (RI,CT) Lower – voters choose

Self-taxation Royal Governors Local government Voting Democracy Withholding salaries Local government Town meetings County gov’t Mix Voting Fear of democratic excess Property or religious qualifications ½ of adult white males ___________________ Democracy Not pure, but purer than ________________________ (read sentence on page 94)