Do Now

Aim: How can an immune response be a breakdown in homeostasis?

Agenda Do Now Self-guided topics 1-5 review Correct work using the answer key Reflection Castle Learning or Quizlet review

Topic 1 Diabetes The first few slides review the endocrine system and homeostasis…

Feedback mechanism or loop In the winter, what happens when the temperature in your house goes to low? Thermostat detects a decrease and sends a signal to the furnace to go on. Once the temp is back to normal the furnace turns off

Feedback mechanisms Human organ systems maintain homeostasis by using: Feedback loops or mechanisms

Sending Signals Hormones Neurotransmitters (Nerve chemicals) What are the primary agents that the brain uses to communicate with other cells? Hormones Neurotransmitters (Nerve chemicals)

Receiving Signals How do cells in the body receive signals from the brain? Receptor molecules on their cell membrane Receptor molecules

Feedback Loop Example Brain detects a decrease in temperature 1 Brain detects a decrease in temperature The brain releases chemical signals to muscles beneath the skin surface. These muscle cells receive the signal through receptor molecules and begin to shiver. Brain stops sending signal once temp is back to normal 4 2 3

Insulin The hormone produced by the pancreas gland to lower Blood sugar levels Protein- Long and folded molecule with a shape

Diabetes When the pancreas fails to produce or properly use Insulin

Two types of diabetes Type 1- Develops in children before the age of 15 Type 2- Develops in people after the age of 30

Hormone and Receptor molecule must fit in order to work Pancreas Gland Receptor molecule Hormone

Failure of hormone to work means either the Hormone is not produced Receptor molecule is the wrong shape The hormone is the wrong shape

Another living example of a feedback mechanism When sugar levels rise the brain detects rise, then sends a signal to pancreas to release insulin. When sugar levels are normal pancreas stops secreting insulin Feedback Inhibition

What could cause diabetes? Person not producing enough insulin The target cell cannot receive signal because of a defective - Receptor molecule - Hormone

Brain Pop http://www.brainpop.com/health/diseasesinj uriesandconditions/diabetes/ Username: bufsd Password: bufsd

Topic 2 Allergies

Allergic reaction What is an allergic reaction? Is an immune response to a harmless substance like peanuts

Antigens triggers the allergy What human organ system is responsible for an allergic reaction? The immune system Explain how it works

Antigens are specific Walnut Why are some people allergic to one type of food but not another? The shape of surface proteins are different Peanut

Topic 3 Organ Transplants

Organ transplant When an organ is replaced with an organ from another person. The organ can sometimes be seen as a “foreign invader” from the immune system

Cell surface proteins Transplanted organs have different or foreign antigens on their cells. This is similar to how the immune system sees a virus or bacteria cell

Different cell proteins Donor cell proteins Receiver’s cell proteins These cells are not a match for an organ transplant

Organ transplant rejection Organ transplant will reject if proteins do not match Immune system will trigger white blood cells to attack the transplanted organ

Immunosuppressants Immuno - immune system suppressants - lower Immunosuppressants are drugs that lower the immune systems response to transplanted organs.

Topic 4 Immune Response

Bacteria Bacteria are single- celled organisms. They are alive because they can carryout the characteristics of life without needing the help for another organism

Bacterial infections How are bacterial infections treated or cured? They are treated with antibiotics prescribed by a Doctor

Viruses Viruses are non- cellular (not a cell) They are dead because they cannot performs] the characteristics of life without having a host. The infects to cause illness and death.

Vaccine What is in a vaccine that makes it effective? Dead or weakened microbe

Cures and Treatment Diseases caused by a bacteria can be cured because the bacteria can be killed. Doctors inject a person with antibiotics to kill the bacteria Viruses cannot be killed because they are NOT alive so there is NO cured for them Vaccines can PREVENT viruses from infecting organisms

Vaccines They are not as strong as the disease so the person does not get sick Helps organisms build a memory of antibodies. Vaccinations use dead or weakened microbes (virus) to stimulate the first production of antibodies

Vaccine Process A dead or weaken virus is injected into an organism The immune systems recognizes the virus and synthesizes antibodies The immune system makes a memory of the virus so when the real virus (not a dead or weak one) comes it can use the antibodies to stop it immediately.

Topic 5 Homeostasis in Plants

Stomata (One open and one closed)

Guard cell opens the stomata when the plant needs nutrients and closes stomata when at equilibrium

Plant Homeostasis

Reflection Answer the reflection questions on the last page and then work on any missing castle learning assignments

Regents Questions