Association Between Serum Cortisol and Testosterone Levels, Opioid Therapy, and Symptom Distress in Patients with Advanced Cancer Rony Dev, DO, David Hui, MD, Shalini Dalal, MD, Zohra I. Nooruddin, MD, Sriram Yennurajalingam, MD, Egidio Del Fabbro, MD, Eduardo Bruera, MD Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Volume 41, Issue 4, Pages 788-795 (April 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.06.021 Copyright © 2011 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Conceptual model for the effects of opioids on the HPA and gonadal axes in patients with advanced cancer. M=mu-opioid receptor, κ=kappa-opioid receptor, GnRH=gonadotropin-releasing hormone, ACTH= adrenocorticotropic hormone, FSH=follicle-stimulating hormone, LH=luteinizing hormone. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2011 41, 788-795DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.06.021) Copyright © 2011 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee Terms and Conditions