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Cell Structure and Function Cells are like a factory….

Common Features of All Cells All cells, whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have some common features.

Common Features of All Cells DNA, the genetic material contained in one or more chromosomes. *Located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. *Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus DNA has the instructions for the cell

DNA Structure

Common Features of All Cells 2. Plasma membrane, a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that separates the cell from the surrounding environment * Cell membrane controls what enters or leaves the cell.

Common Features of All Cells 3. Cytoplasm - basically the substance that fills the cell. It is a jelly-like material that is eighty percent water and usually clear in color. Cell organelles are suspended and move about in the cytoplasm. http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/images/show1.cytoplasm.jpg

Common Features of All Cells 4. Ribosomes, the organelles on which protein synthesis takes place http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTqyG7jGQZ7C6SLP0K7ZmDlvb6IE5KtoPYcYzxZOsOHGaH8hJLaJkMqOA0d

Features of Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane-enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells Cell Membrane – Phospholipid bylayer. Controls entry and exit of materials – Shipping & Receiving Contains proteins Responsible for communication between cells Also known as the “Fluid Mosaic Model” http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/cell_membrane.gif

Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells Nucleus - The large, membrane-bounded organelle that contains the genetic material, in the form of DNA molecules organized into structures called chromosomes. Controls cell activities and passes on hereditary information. This is the Main Office http://web.bio.utk.edu/BCMB513-4/nucleus1.jpg

Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm - clear, thick, jellylike material and organelles found inside cell membrane. Supports and protects cell organelles. This is the Factory Floor

Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells Endoplasmic reticulum - network of tubes or membranes. Functions in the making lipids (fats), breaks down drugs and harmful substances, and packages up proteins for the Golgi apparatus. The Assembly Line of the Factory

Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells Endoplasmic reticulum – Two types: 1. (RER) Rough endoplasmic reticulum – Dotted with ribosomes. 2. (SER) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – not covered with ribosomes.

Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells Ribosomes – Free floating or attached to ER. Site of protein synthesis These are the Employees of the Factory http://bass.bio.uci.edu/~hudel/bs99a/lecture22/rough_er-em.gif

Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells Golgi Apparatus - Makes and transports proteins and other materials out of the cell Finishing and Packaging of the Factory - where products are processed and shipped out

Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells Mitochondria – “Powerhouse” of the cell. Site of cellular respiration which produces energy (ATP) that can be used by the organism for life functions. Cell’s Power Plant

Cell Structures Found In Both Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole – One large central vacuole in plant cells, many smaller vacuoles in animal cells. Storage of food, water, waste. Cell’s Warehouse

Cell Structures Found Only In Animal Cells Lysosome - small, round, with a membrane. Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules Digests old cell parts “Garbage Truck” of the cell The Custodians http://i300.photobucket.com/albums/nn2/aysh_photo/lysosome.png

Cell Structures Found Only In Plant Cells Cell Wall - outer layer Rigid, strong, stiff Made of cellulose Supports and protects the plant cell. This is what Robert Hooke saw when he first looked at dead cork cells. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/images/plantcell.jpg

Cell Structures Found Only In Plant Cells Chloroplasts - green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment). Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis). http://207.239.98.140/UpperSchool/Science/Classes/AllBiology/bio/biotext/biowilson/images/Chloroplasts_face_side_MC.jpe