2.1 The Structure & Functions of Eukaryotic Cells

Learning Goals From this power point ( and using section 2 Learning Goals From this power point ( and using section 2.1 in the text) 1. compare prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 2. explain the following cell structures AND be able to identify them in plant and animal cell diagrams. nucleus (DNA, nucleolus) rough & smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus (steps in protein excretion), lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles, vesicles, chloroplasts, mitochondria, cell wall, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, cell membrane (fluid mosaic model, phospholipids & membrane proteins)

Review: Defining a Cell A cell is a confined system of potentially self perpetuating linked organic reactions that are catalyzed step-wise by enzymes.

Review: Principles of The Cell Theory All living things are made of 1 or more cells Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell All cells arise from pre-existing cells (this principle discarded the idea of spontaneous generation)

Review: Characteristics of Living Cells Very complex Very small Self-replicating Autonomous/semiautonomous Homeostatic

There are 2 Cell Types Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells First cell type on earth (chemosynthetic) All are single celled (ie Bacteria)

Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound structures inside Nucleoid instead of nucleus (region of DNA concentration). Organelles not bound by membranes

Eukaryotic Cells Internal membrane bound organelles Cytoplasm (cytosol, organelles + molecule & ions ) for metabolism Cell Membrane (Phospholipid bilayer) Can be Single or Multi-celled Protozoan

Eukaryotic Animal Cell

Animal Cell Micrograph

Eukaryotic Plant Cell

Plant Cell Micrograph

Cytoplasm Viscous fluid containing organelles components of cytoplasm Interconnected protein filaments & fibers Fluid = cytosol Organelles (not nucleus) storage substances

Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains nucleoplasm Wrapped by a nuclear envelope which is a double membrane. Nuclear pore complexes form openings in nuclear envelope Contains Chromosomes (DNA) Nucleolus

Nucleus Micrograph

Chromosomes (DNA) Hereditary material Chromosomes - DNA + proteins Short, thick strands form for cell division Chromatin long, thin strands form for interphase DNA is transcribed & translated into protein to express hereditary traits

Nucleolus Non-membrane bound Contains RNA & proteins Most cells have 2 or more. Directs synthesis of RNA Forms ribosomes

End of Part 1!